A public health nurse is planning strategies to address substance use for clients in the community. Which of the following strategies are part of primary health promotion and prevention?
Providing a needle exchange program for community members.
Providing education to fifth graders about the risks of substance use.
Providing a list of outpatient substance use support services to give to clients who are discharged from inpatient treatment.
Providing education to pregnant clients in a sober living community about the fetal risks of substance use during pregnancy
None
None
The Correct Answer is B
A. Providing a needle exchange program is considered secondary prevention, as it reduces complications in those already using substances rather than preventing initial use.
B. Teaching fifth graders about the risks of substance use is primary prevention, because it aims to stop substance use before it begins.
C. Giving a list of outpatient support services to clients leaving inpatient treatment is tertiary prevention, since it helps prevent relapse in those already affected.
D. Educating pregnant clients who are already in a sober living community is also not primary prevention, because they have a history of substance use; this falls under secondary/tertiary prevention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"A","dropdown-group-3":"C"}
Explanation
- Postoperative ileus: Ileus is a common complication after abdominal surgery due to anesthesia, opioid use, and limited mobility. It presents as delayed return of bowel function, marked by absent bowel sounds and abdominal discomfort. In this case, the child has absent bowel sounds and increasing tenderness, supporting this risk.
- Atelectasis: Atelectasis generally presents with diminished breath sounds and hypoxia, not clear breath sounds. Although the child has shallow respirations and is refusing the incentive spirometer, there are no respiratory findings such as decreased oxygen saturation or adventitious breath sounds that support this condition currently.
- Peritonitis: Peritonitis would present with systemic symptoms like fever, severe abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, or signs of sepsis. The child has mild abdominal tenderness and stable vital signs, which do not indicate peritoneal inflammation at this time.
- Urinary retention: This would be characterized by lack of urination, bladder distension, or discomfort—none of which are noted in the scenario. The child’s urinary output and bladder status are not identified as concerns, making this diagnosis unlikely.
- Absent bowel sounds: This is a key clinical sign of ileus. After surgery, bowel activity should return gradually. Continued absence of sounds, especially along with abdominal tenderness, strongly indicates impaired gastrointestinal motility.
- Shallow respirations: While shallow breathing is often a contributing factor to respiratory complications, in the context of abdominal surgery, it also limits diaphragmatic movement, which can further suppress bowel activity and contribute to postoperative ileus.
- Clear breath sounds: This is a normal respiratory finding and does not support the presence of atelectasis or other pulmonary complications. It suggests that lung fields are adequately ventilated despite shallow breathing.
- Intact abdominal dressing: This is an expected postoperative finding and does not support a diagnosis of infection, wound complication, or ileus. It indicates proper surgical wound healing.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"C","dropdown-group-2":"D"}
Explanation
- Panic disorder: Typically presents with intense fear, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a sense of doom. It is episodic, not sustained like mania, and does not include symptoms like euphoria, grandiosity, or hallucinations.
- Catatonia: Involves motor immobility, stupor, rigidity, or excessive purposeless movement. While this client is very active, their activity is goal-directed but disorganized, consistent with mania, not catatonia.
- Mania: Characterized by euphoric or irritable mood, increased energy, racing thoughts, pressured speech, poor judgment, impulsivity, and decreased need for sleep. The client displays grandiosity, impulsive spending, hyperactivity, pressured speech, insomnia, and hallucinations, all pointing to mania.
- Major depressive disorder: Involves symptoms like anhedonia, depressed mood, fatigue, and decreased energy. This is inconsistent with the client's overactivity and euphoric behavior.
- Delirium: Usually presents with acute confusion, fluctuating consciousness, and disorientation, often due to a medical condition or substance use. This client is consistently manic and does not show signs of fluctuating alertness or disorientation to time and person.
- Anhedonia: Inability to feel pleasure, commonly seen in depression, not in mania.
- Alogia: Poverty of speech or reduced speech output, often associated with schizophrenia, not consistent with this client’s pressured and loud speech.
- Magical thinking: Believing that one's thoughts can influence reality, often seen in schizotypal personality disorder, not prominent here.
- Euphoric mood: A classic symptom of mania, where the individual may feel overly joyful, energetic, and invincible, as reflected in the client's excessive confidence, impulsivity, and erratic behavior.
- Hypervigilance: Commonly linked with anxiety disorders or PTSD, and not the most fitting descriptor for this client’s presentation.
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