A public health nurse is planning strategies to address substance use for clients in the community. Which of the following strategies are part of primary health promotion and prevention?

• Dry skin and lips: This is a very common side effect of isotretinoin due to its drying effects on sebaceous glands. It is expected and manageable with regular moisturizing and is not considered an emergency.
• Increased appetite: Isotretinoin is not associated with increased appetite. Weight changes are not typical or concerning symptoms during therapy and do not warrant urgent provider notification.
• Depression: Isotretinoin has been associated with mood changes including depression, suicidal thoughts, and other psychiatric effects. These can emerge suddenly and must be reported immediately for prompt evaluation and intervention to ensure safety.
• Visual disturbances: Blurred vision or difficulty seeing, particularly at night, can indicate rare but serious complications such as increased intracranial pressure. Any change in vision during isotretinoin therapy requires immediate medical attention.
• Productive cough: This is not commonly linked with isotretinoin therapy. Unless respiratory symptoms worsen or are accompanied by fever or systemic signs, a productive cough alone is not a reason to stop treatment or alert the provider urgently.

Miosis : Pinpoint pupils are a hallmark of opioid overdose due to stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. This finding helps distinguish opioid toxicity from other types of substance use, which often cause pupil dilation instead.

Respiratory depression : Opioids depress the medullary respiratory centers in the brainstem, leading to slowed breathing. A respiratory rate of 10/min is significantly reduced and signals impaired ventilation, making it a critical diagnostic clue.

Opioid overdose: The clinical signs—needle marks, sedation, pinpoint pupils, bradypnea, and a positive response to naloxone—all strongly point to an opioid overdose. A similar prior episode adds to the likelihood of chronic opioid misuse.

Alcohol intoxication: While alcohol can depress the central nervous system, it does not typically cause miosis or respond to naloxone. Also, the pattern of rapid reversal with naloxone suggests opioid involvement rather than alcohol alone.

Benzodiazepine overdose: Though it shares features like sedation and respiratory depression with opioid overdose, benzodiazepine toxicity does not cause miosis, and naloxone has limited or no effectiveness as a reversal agent.

Cocaine intoxication : Typically causes stimulant effects including mydriasis (dilated pupils), increased heart rate, hypertension, and agitation. These are not consistent with the symptoms in this case, which reflect CNS depression.