A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true positives?
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Indicates Disease."
This statement is incorrect. In a two-by-two table used to evaluate diagnostic tests, the cell representing true positives is where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This cell indicates that the test correctly identified individuals who have the disease. The statement here describes a false positive, where the test indicates disease, but the person does not actually have it.
Choice B: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Indicates the Person Has the Disease."
This statement is correct. True positives are indeed represented in the cell where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This means the test has correctly identified individuals who have the disease. This cell is crucial for calculating the sensitivity of the test, which measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test.
Choice C: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes a false negative, where the person has the disease, but the test fails to detect it. This cell is used to calculate the test's sensitivity, but it does not represent true positives. False negatives are critical to understand because they indicate cases where the test missed the disease.
Choice D: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes true negatives, where the test correctly identifies individuals who do not have the disease. While true negatives are important for calculating the specificity of the test, they do not represent true positives. Specificity measures the proportion of actual negatives correctly identified by the test.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A: Prevalence Rate
The prevalence rate measures the total number of cases of a disease or health condition in a population at a specific point in time or over a specified period. It is expressed as a proportion of the population. While useful for understanding the burden of disease, the prevalence rate does not provide information on the number of deaths, making it unsuitable for calculating mortality data.
Choice B: Case Fatality Rate
The case fatality rate (CFR) is the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a particular disease who die from that disease within a specified period. It is expressed as a percentage. While CFR provides insight into the severity of a disease, it does not give the overall number of deaths in a population, nor does it specify the age group affected.
Choice C: Age-Specific Mortality Rate
The age-specific mortality rate is the number of deaths in a specific age group per 100,000 population in that age group over a given period. This measure is ideal for calculating the number of deaths among school-age children, as it provides detailed mortality data specific to that age group. By using this rate, the nurse can accurately determine the mortality rate for school-age children in the county.
Choice D: Cause-Specific Mortality Rate
The cause-specific mortality rate is the number of deaths from a specific cause per 100,000 population in a given year. While this measure is useful for understanding the impact of specific diseases or conditions, it does not provide a comprehensive view of mortality across different age groups. Therefore, it is not the best choice for calculating the overall number of deaths among school-age children.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Using distractions like watching TV can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing pain. Distraction techniques work by diverting the patient's attention away from the pain, which can help reduce the perception of pain. However, while this method can be helpful, it may not provide sufficient relief for more intense pain.
Choice B Reason:
Giving the medication even though it is not due yet is not advisable. Administering medication outside of the prescribed schedule can lead to potential overdose and other adverse effects. It is crucial to adhere to the medication schedule to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.
Choice C Reason:
The use of acupuncture is a recognized method for pain management and has been shown to be effective in various settings. Acupuncture involves the insertion of fine needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain. However, it requires specialized training and may not be readily available in all correctional facilities.
Choice D Reason:
Applying heat therapy to the pain area is a practical and effective intervention for pain relief. Heat therapy works by increasing blood flow to the affected area, which can help relax muscles and reduce pain. It is a simple, non-invasive method that can be easily implemented in a correctional setting.
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