A public health nurse is educating a newly licensed nurse about sensitivity and specificity using a two-by-two table. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the table related to true positives?
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test indicates disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test indicates the person has the disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person has the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
"True positives are represented in the table cell that indicates the person does not have the disease and the test does not indicate disease."
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Indicates Disease."
This statement is incorrect. In a two-by-two table used to evaluate diagnostic tests, the cell representing true positives is where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This cell indicates that the test correctly identified individuals who have the disease. The statement here describes a false positive, where the test indicates disease, but the person does not actually have it.
Choice B: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Indicates the Person Has the Disease."
This statement is correct. True positives are indeed represented in the cell where both the test result and the actual disease status are positive. This means the test has correctly identified individuals who have the disease. This cell is crucial for calculating the sensitivity of the test, which measures the proportion of actual positives correctly identified by the test.
Choice C: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Has the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes a false negative, where the person has the disease, but the test fails to detect it. This cell is used to calculate the test's sensitivity, but it does not represent true positives. False negatives are critical to understand because they indicate cases where the test missed the disease.
Choice D: "True Positives are Represented in the Table Cell that Indicates the Person Does Not Have the Disease and the Test Does Not Indicate Disease."
This statement describes true negatives, where the test correctly identifies individuals who do not have the disease. While true negatives are important for calculating the specificity of the test, they do not represent true positives. Specificity measures the proportion of actual negatives correctly identified by the test.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
A cluster refers to an aggregation of cases of a disease or other health-related condition in a specific area and time period that is greater than expected. Clusters are often the initial indication of an outbreak but do not describe the widespread nature of a pandemic.
Choice B Reason:
An epidemic is an outbreak of a disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time within a specific geographic area or population. While an epidemic can be severe, it is typically confined to one region or country. The term "pandemic" is used when the disease spreads across multiple countries or continents.
Choice C Reason:
Endemic refers to the constant presence and/or usual prevalence of a disease or infectious agent within a geographic area or population group. Diseases that are endemic are consistently present but typically do not cause the widespread impact seen in pandemics.
Choice D Reason:
A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread across a large region, for instance, multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals. The COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 is a prime example of a pandemic, as it spread globally and prompted widespread disease control measures.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Using distractions like watching TV can be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing pain. Distraction techniques work by diverting the patient's attention away from the pain, which can help reduce the perception of pain. However, while this method can be helpful, it may not provide sufficient relief for more intense pain.
Choice B Reason:
Giving the medication even though it is not due yet is not advisable. Administering medication outside of the prescribed schedule can lead to potential overdose and other adverse effects. It is crucial to adhere to the medication schedule to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.
Choice C Reason:
The use of acupuncture is a recognized method for pain management and has been shown to be effective in various settings. Acupuncture involves the insertion of fine needles into specific points on the body to relieve pain. However, it requires specialized training and may not be readily available in all correctional facilities.
Choice D Reason:
Applying heat therapy to the pain area is a practical and effective intervention for pain relief. Heat therapy works by increasing blood flow to the affected area, which can help relax muscles and reduce pain. It is a simple, non-invasive method that can be easily implemented in a correctional setting.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.