A prenatal nurse is providing instructions to a group of pregnant clients regarding measures to prevent toxoplasmosis.
Which statement, if made by one of the clients, indicates a need for further instructions?
I need to cook meat thoroughly.
I need to drink unpasteurized milk only.
I need to avoid contact with materials that are possibly contaminated with cat feces.
I need to avoid touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes while handling raw meat.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Thoroughly cooking meat to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) kills the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, thus preventing transmission through ingestion of contaminated meat. This is a crucial preventive measure recommended for pregnant women.
Choice B rationale
Drinking unpasteurized milk poses a risk of toxoplasmosis, as well as other foodborne illnesses like listeriosis and brucellosis. Pasteurization is a process that heats milk to a specific temperature for a set time, killing harmful bacteria and parasites, including Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further instruction, as pregnant women should consume only pasteurized dairy products.
Choice C rationale
Cat feces can contain oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii, which can become infectious after a period of sporulation. Avoiding contact with materials possibly contaminated with cat feces, such as litter boxes and garden soil, is an important measure to prevent toxoplasmosis.
Choice D rationale
Handling raw meat can expose a person to Toxoplasma gondii cysts. Avoiding touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes after handling raw meat and washing hands thoroughly reduces the risk of self-inoculation with the parasite.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A"},"B":{"answers":"A"},"C":{"answers":"B"},"D":{"answers":"A"}}
Explanation
Rationales for Each Condition
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Weight loss: Excessive vomiting leads to poor nutritional intake and dehydration, causing unintended weight loss. The normal weight gain expected in the first trimester of pregnancy is around 0.5–2 kg. A weight loss of 0.9 kg in two weeks is concerning.
- Hypotension: Dehydration due to persistent vomiting causes reduced intravascular volume, leading to low blood pressure. Normal blood pressure ranges from 90/60 mm Hg to 120/80 mm Hg. The client's 96/52 mm Hg value indicates potential volume depletion.
- Tachycardia: Fluid loss and electrolyte imbalances increase heart rate as a compensatory mechanism to maintain perfusion. The normal heart rate ranges from 60–100 bpm, and the client's 116 bpm suggests dehydration-related tachycardia.
Cystitis
- Dysuria: Inflammation of the bladder due to infection causes pain or burning during urination, a classic symptom of cystitis. The absence of other urinary symptoms, such as urgency or hematuria, helps differentiate cystitis from other conditions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The latent phase of labor is the longest and often the least intense phase, characterized by mild, infrequent contractions and gradual cervical dilation (0-3 cm). During this time, the woman is typically more receptive to learning and can concentrate better, making it the ideal phase to teach non-pharmacologic pain control methods such as breathing techniques, relaxation exercises, and positioning.
Choice B rationale
The active phase of labor (4-7 cm dilation) is characterized by more frequent and intense contractions, making it harder for the laboring woman to concentrate and learn new pain management techniques. Reinforcement of previously learned techniques is more appropriate at this stage.
Choice C rationale
The transition phase (8-10 cm dilation) is the most intense and shortest phase of the first stage of labor. The woman is likely experiencing significant discomfort and may have difficulty focusing on learning new pain control methods.
Choice D rationale
The second stage of labor begins with complete cervical dilation (10 cm) and ends with the birth of the baby. The focus during this stage is on pushing and delivering the baby, making it an inappropriate time to teach non-pharmacologic pain control methods for labor.
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