A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving prenatal care and is at her 24-week appointment.
Which of the following laboratory tests should the nurse plan to conduct?
1-hour glucose tolerance test.
Rubella titer.
Sexually transmitted disease test (STI test).
Group B strep culture.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The 1-hour glucose tolerance test is typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation to screen for gestational diabetes. This screening involves measuring the client's blood glucose level one hour after consuming a 50-gram glucose load. A normal result is generally considered to be a blood glucose level below 130-140 mg/dL.
Choice B rationale
Rubella titer is usually assessed early in pregnancy, ideally during the first prenatal visit, to determine the woman's immunity to rubella. If the woman is not immune, vaccination is typically offered postpartum to prevent infection in subsequent pregnancies, as rubella infection during pregnancy can cause serious congenital defects.
Choice C rationale
Sexually transmitted disease testing is ideally conducted at the initial prenatal visit to identify and treat any infections early in pregnancy, reducing the risk of transmission to the fetus and other complications. While repeat testing may be indicated based on risk factors, it is not a routine test specifically scheduled for the 24-week appointment for all clients.
Choice D rationale
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) culture is typically performed later in pregnancy, usually between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation, to determine if the woman is colonized with GBS. This is important for intrapartum management to prevent neonatal GBS infection.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring uterine contractions is important during labor, but in the context of late pregnancy bleeding, the immediate priority is to assess the well-being of both the mother and the fetus. Contractions may or may not be present at this stage.
Choice B rationale
Placing clean disposable pads is a reasonable action to manage bleeding and assess its characteristics. However, it does not address the immediate need to evaluate the maternal and fetal status, which is critical in a bleeding episode during late pregnancy.
Choice C rationale
Assessing fetal heart rate (FHR) is crucial to determine fetal well-being in the presence of bleeding. Maternal vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiration) are equally important to evaluate the mother's hemodynamic stability. Bleeding in late pregnancy can compromise both maternal and fetal oxygenation and perfusion, making this assessment the highest priority. Normal maternal heart rate is typically 60-100 beats per minute, and normal maternal blood pressure is typically 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg. The normal fetal heart rate range is 110-160 beats per minute.
Choice D rationale
Performing a venipuncture for hemoglobin and hematocrit levels will provide information about the extent of blood loss and the mother's oxygen-carrying capacity. While this is an important assessment, it is not the immediate priority compared to evaluating the fetal heart rate and maternal vital signs, which provide real-time information about their current status. Normal hemoglobin for pregnant women typically ranges from 10.5 to 14 g/dL in the first and third trimesters and slightly lower in the second trimester due to hemodilution. Normal hematocrit for pregnant women typically ranges from 32% to 42%.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, typically occurring in the first trimester. Amniocentesis is a procedure performed later in pregnancy, so hyperemesis is not a direct complication of the procedure.
Choice B rationale
Proteinuria is the presence of protein in the urine, which can be a sign of preeclampsia during pregnancy. While amniocentesis carries a small risk of complications, proteinuria is not a direct expected complication of the procedure itself.
Choice C rationale
Hemorrhage, or excessive bleeding, is a potential complication of amniocentesis because the procedure involves inserting a needle through the abdominal wall and uterus to withdraw amniotic fluid. This can potentially damage blood vessels, leading to bleeding at the insertion site or internally.
Choice D rationale
Hypoxia is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. While fetal well-being is monitored during and after amniocentesis, hypoxia is not a direct complication for the mother.
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