The student nurse learns that the process in which bilirubin is changed from a fat-soluble product to a water-soluble product is known as:

Choice A rationale

Thoroughly cooking meat to an internal temperature of 160°F (71°C) kills the Toxoplasma gondii parasite, thus preventing transmission. This is a recommended measure to prevent toxoplasmosis during pregnancy.

Choice B rationale

Drinking unpasteurized milk poses a risk of exposure to various pathogens, including Toxoplasma gondii, as pasteurization is a process that kills harmful microorganisms. Pregnant women should avoid unpasteurized dairy products to reduce the risk of infection. This statement indicates a need for further instruction as it suggests an unsafe practice.

Choice C rationale

Cat feces can contain oocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Avoiding contact with materials potentially contaminated with cat feces, such as litter boxes or garden soil, is a crucial measure to prevent toxoplasmosis.

Choice D rationale

Raw meat can be contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Avoiding touching mucous membranes of the mouth or eyes while handling raw meat and washing hands thoroughly afterwards prevents the parasite from entering the body. This is a recommended preventive measure.

Step 1: Heart rate of 110/min scores 2 points (normal heart rate >100).

Step 2: Slow weak cry scores 1 point (good strong cry scores 2, no cry scores 0).

Step 3: Some flexion of extremities scores 1 point (active movement scores 2, limp scores 0).

Step 4: Grimace in response to suctioning scores 1 point (coughing or sneezing scores 2, no response scores 0).

Step 5: Body pink, blue extremities scores 1 point (completely pink scores 2, completely blue or pale scores 0).

Step 6: Total Apgar score is the sum of the scores from each category: 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 2 = 7. Final calculated answer: 7.