A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks.

Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

"I should quit smoking to improve blood flow.".

"I need to avoid prolonged sitting or standing.".

"I should take my pentoxifylline with meals.".

"I need to limit my physical activity to avoid worsening symptoms.".

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B

Pentoxifylline is a medication that improves blood flow and oxygen delivery to the tissues in patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD), a condition that causes narrowing of the arteries in the legs. Pentoxifylline can help reduce the symptoms of intermittent claudication, which is cramping pain in the legs that occurs with walking and improves with rest.

Choice A is correct because smoking is a major risk factor for PVD and quitting smoking can improve blood flow and prevent further damage to the arteries.

Choice B is correct because prolonged sitting or standing can reduce blood flow to the legs and worsen symptoms of PVD.

Patients should avoid crossing their legs, wearing tight clothing, or exposing their legs to cold temperatures. They should also elevate their legs when resting and move them frequently.

Choice C is wrong because pentoxifylline should be taken on an empty stomach, at least one hour before or two hours after meals, to increase its absorption and effectiveness.

Choice D is wrong because physical activity is beneficial for patients with PVD and intermittent claudication.

Exercise can improve blood circulation, increase muscle strength, reduce pain, and lower cardiovascular risk factors. Patients should be encouraged to walk regularly, as tolerated, and follow a supervised exercise program if available.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin toxicity because it can reverse the effects of warfarin by restoring the clotting factors.Warfarin is an oral anticoagulant that works by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, an enzyme that activates vitamin K in the body.Vitamin K is needed for the synthesis of active coagulation factors, such as II, VII, IX and X.By blocking vitamin K, warfarin reduces the blood’s clotting activity and prevents the formation of blood clots.

Choice A is wrong because vitamin B12 is not involved in the coagulation cascade.Vitamin B12 is mainly involved in DNA synthesis, red blood cell production and nerve function.

Choice C is wrong because calcium gluconate is not an antidote for warfarin toxicity.Calcium gluconate is used to treat low blood calcium levels or hypocalcemia.Calcium is also a cofactor for some coagulation factors, but it does not reverse the effects of warfarin.

Choice D is wrong because protamine sulfate is not an antidote for warfarin toxicity.

Protamine sulfate is used to reverse the effects of heparin, another type of anticoagulant that works by inhibiting thrombin and factor Xa.

Protamine sulfate does not affect the vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors that are inhibited by warfarin.

Normal ranges for coagulation tests that are affected by warfarin are:

• Prothrombin time (PT): 11 to 13.5 seconds

• International normalized ratio (INR): 0.8 to 1.2

• Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT): 25 to 35 seconds

A. Soft cheeses B. Seafood salad from the grocery store C. Grilled chicken bun D. Hot dogs

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Listeriosis is a foodborne illness that can have severe consequences during pregnancy. To minimize the risk of listeriosis, a pregnant client should avoid certain foods that are more likely to be contaminated with the bacteria Listeria. The correct statement that indicates an understanding of the teaching is:

C) "I can eat grilled chicken on a bun at lunchtime."

Grilled chicken is a safe option, and as long as it's properly cooked, it's a suitable choice during pregnancy. The other options are not recommended during pregnancy:

A) Soft cheeses, like Brie or feta, can carry a risk of Listeria contamination, so they should be avoided.

B) Seafood salad from the grocery store may not be safe as it could contain seafood that's been sitting at improper temperatures, which can increase the risk of foodborne illness.

D) Hot dogs can also be a risk as they are often not served steaming hot, which is necessary to kill any potential Listeria contamination.

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A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The antidote to warfarin toxicity is what?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following food options is considered safe for a pregnant client to consume in order to minimize the risk of listeriosis?"​​​​​​

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

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A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks.

Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.