A patient with chronic syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) reports to the nurse that they feel constantly thirsty. Which action should the nurse take?

The correct answer is: c. In an emergency, a court order can be obtained for the patient to receive blood transfusions.

Choice A: The patient can only receive blood that has been donated by family members.

Jehovah’s Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, including those from family members, due to their religious beliefs. They believe that both the Old and New Testaments command them to abstain from blood (Genesis 9:4; Leviticus 17:10; Deuteronomy 12:23; Acts 15:28, 29). Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Choice B: Under no circumstances will the patient receive blood products.

While Jehovah’s Witnesses generally refuse blood transfusions, there are exceptional circumstances where medical professionals can seek a court order to administer blood transfusions, especially in life-threatening situations involving minors. Thus, this statement is not entirely accurate.

Choice C: In an emergency, a court order can be obtained for the patient to receive blood transfusions.

In life-threatening emergencies, especially involving minors, courts can intervene and issue orders to administer necessary medical treatments, including blood transfusions, despite parental objections based on religious beliefs. This ensures the child’s right to life and health is protected. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

Choice D: The patient can receive volume expanders.

Volume expanders can be used to increase blood volume and maintain circulation, but they do not carry oxygen or replace lost blood cells. While they are an option for managing blood loss, they are not a substitute for blood transfusions in severe cases of anemia or blood loss, which are common in leukemia patients. Thus, this option is not entirely correct.

Choice A reason: This statement is incorrect; children's bones actually heal faster than those of adults due to a more robust blood supply and the presence of growth factors.

Choice B reason: Growth in children does not occur due to an increase in the number of muscle fibers; rather, it happens through the lengthening of existing fibers.

Choice C reason: Children's bones do have decreased density compared to adults, which is why they are more flexible and less likely to break.

Choice D reason: The statement about decreased blood flow in children's bones is incorrect; children typically have a higher blood flow in their bones, which contributes to their faster healing process.