A patient who is terminally ill is described during shift report as having Cheyne-Stokes breathing. On assessment, the nurse anticipates finding:

respirations gradually decreasing in rate and depth.

rapid wheezing respirations for two or three breaths with short periods of apnea.

a breathing pattern of dyspnea followed by a short period of apnea.

quick shallow respirations with long periods of apnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A.   Gradual decreases in rate and depth are typically seen in other respiratory conditions, not Cheyne- Stokes breathing.
B.   Wheezing is not associated with Cheyne-Stokes breathing but may be related to airway obstructions or lung conditions.
C.   Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by a pattern of deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea, commonly seen in terminally ill patients.
D.   Quick shallow respirations with long periods of apnea are not characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes breathing.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Kussmaul's respirations are rapid, deep, and labored breaths often seen in metabolic acidosis, which does not match the pattern described.
B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by a pattern of deep and fast breathing followed by periods of apnea. This pattern is seen in patients with severe conditions like heart failure or brain injury.
C. Biot's respirations are irregular, but the cycle does not have a distinct pattern of fast, slow, and apnea periods.
D. Hyperventilation refers to an increased rate of breathing but does not involve the cycles of deep, slow, and apneic phases characteristic of Cheyne-Stokes.

A. stronger. B. bradycardic. C. irregular. D. weaker.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A stronger pulse is typically associated with increased stroke volume or cardiac output.
B. Bradycardia is not directly related to a reduced stroke volume; pulse rate may not necessarily decrease.
C. An irregular pulse is more associated with arrhythmias or other cardiac conditions, not a reduction in stroke volume.
D. A weaker pulse is expected with a reduced stroke volume, as less blood is being pumped with each heartbeat, leading to a diminished pulse.

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