A patient is taking an inducer medication. The provider added a new medication. What is the effect of the inducer medication on the newly added medication?
Increases the blood level of the newly added medication.
Decreases the blood level of the newly added medication.
Increases the half-life of the newly added medication.
Doesn’t have any effect on new medications.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Inducer medications do not increase the blood level of newly added medications. Instead, they enhance the activity of enzymes that metabolize drugs, leading to a faster breakdown and lower concentration of the new medication in the bloodstream. This can result in reduced efficacy of the newly added medication.
Choice B Reason:
Inducer medications increase the activity of enzymes, particularly those in the cytochrome P450 family, which are responsible for drug metabolism. This increased enzyme activity accelerates the breakdown of the newly added medication, thereby decreasing its blood level and potentially reducing its therapeutic effect. For example, rifampin is a well-known inducer that can significantly lower the levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4.
Choice C Reason:
Inducer medications do not increase the half-life of newly added medications. On the contrary, by enhancing the metabolic activity of enzymes, they typically reduce the half-life of the new medication. This means the drug is broken down and eliminated from the body more quickly.
Choice D Reason:
Inducer medications do have a significant effect on new medications. They alter the metabolism of drugs by increasing the activity of metabolic enzymes, which can lead to decreased blood levels and reduced effectiveness of the new medication. Ignoring this interaction can result in subtherapeutic drug levels and treatment failure.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Tertiary prevention involves measures taken to reduce the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects. This includes rehabilitation and efforts to prevent further complications or deterioration. Vaccination, however, is aimed at preventing the disease before it occurs, which does not align with the concept of tertiary prevention.
Choice B Reason:
Primary prevention refers to actions taken to prevent the onset of disease before it occurs. Vaccination is a classic example of primary prevention because it aims to protect individuals from contracting diseases by stimulating the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens. In this case, the meningococcal vaccine helps prevent meningitis, making it a primary preventive measure.
Choice C Reason:
Disease treatment involves managing and caring for a patient to combat a disease or condition. This includes interventions aimed at curing the disease, alleviating symptoms, or preventing complications. Vaccination does not fall under disease treatment because it is a preventive measure rather than a therapeutic one
Choice D Reason:
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt intervention to prevent the progression of a disease. This includes screening tests and early treatment of conditions to halt or slow their progression. Vaccination, however, is intended to prevent the disease from occurring in the first place, which is not the goal of secondary prevention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Oncogene Activation
Oncogene activation refers to the process by which normal genes (proto-oncogenes) become oncogenes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and potentially cancer. This process involves mutations or overexpression of genes that regulate cell proliferation and survival. While oncogene activation is a critical factor in cancer development, it is not directly related to hydropic swelling, which is a form of cellular injury characterized by the accumulation of water within cells.
Choice B: Sodium/Potassium Pump Dysfunction
Hydropic swelling, also known as cellular swelling, results from the malfunction of the sodium/potassium (Na+/K+) pump. This pump is essential for maintaining the ionic balance within cells by actively transporting sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. When the Na+/K+ pump fails, sodium accumulates inside the cell, leading to an influx of water to balance the osmotic pressure. This results in cellular swelling, which is a hallmark of reversible cell injury.
Choice C: Membrane Rupture
Membrane rupture refers to the breaking of the cell membrane, which can lead to cell death and the release of cellular contents into the surrounding tissue. This process is typically associated with irreversible cell injury and necrosis. While membrane rupture can result from severe cellular damage, it is not the primary cause of hydropic swelling, which occurs due to ionic imbalances rather than physical disruption of the cell membrane.
Choice D: ATP Accumulation
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, used to power various cellular processes. Accumulation of ATP within the cell is not typically associated with cellular swelling. In fact, a decrease in ATP levels, rather than an accumulation, is more likely to contribute to cellular injury. Reduced ATP levels can impair the function of the Na+/K+ pump, leading to ionic imbalances and subsequent hydropic swelling.
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