A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?
"Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils."
"Antihistamines block H1 receptors to prevent actions of histamine at these sites."
"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors."
"First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines."
The Correct Answer is B
Antihistamines primarily work by blocking the H1 receptors, which are the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of histamine in the body. By blocking these receptors, antihistamines prevent or reduce the effects of histamine, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. This is the main mechanism by which antihistamines provide their therapeutic effects. "Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils." This statement is incorrect. Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine; instead, they block the histamine receptors to prevent the effects of histamine.
"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors." This statement is incorrect. H1 antagonists, or H1 receptor blockers, specifically bind to H1 receptors and do not have significant affinity for H2 receptors or muscarinic receptors. "First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines." This statement is incorrect. First-generation antihistamines are generally less selective and can have more sedating and anticholinergic effects compared to second-generation antihistamines, which are designed to be more selective for H1 receptors and have reduced sedative properties.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]
Explanation
Ensure the client receives adequate amounts of fluids: This is important to maintain hydration and thin respiratory secretions, making it easier for the client to cough and clear the airways. Check the client's mouth for stomatitis: Methylprednisolone can increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis (thrush) or stomatitis, which can cause discomfort and interfere with oral intake. Regular mouth checks can help identify these conditions early for appropriate management. Assess the client's mental status: Pneumonia, particularly in individuals with pre-existing lung disease like COPD, can lead to hypoxemia, which may affect mental status. It is important to monitor the client's mental status, as changes in cognition or confusion can be indicators of hypoxia and require prompt intervention.
Monitor for signs of hypokalemia: Methylprednisolone, like other corticosteroids, can cause electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Hypokalemia can have various effects on the body, including muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias. Regular monitoring of potassium levels and signs of hypokalemia is important for timely management. Monitor the client's blood glucose levels: Methylprednisolone can increase blood glucose levels, particularly in individuals with pre-existing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary to ensure proper glycemic control and prevent hyperglycemia-related complications.
Monitor the client's blood pressure for hypotension: Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone can cause fluid retention, leading to an increase in blood pressure. However, sudden withdrawal of corticosteroids can result in adrenal insufficiency and hypotension. Close monitoring of blood pressure is necessary to identify any significant changes and adjust the medication regimen accordingly.
Correct Answer is ["A","D","E"]
Explanation
The teaching that the nurse will provide to the Patient Care Technician (PCT) when delegating ambulation for a client includes:
● "Please let me know how the client does after each ambulation": This instruction ensures that the PCT communicates any relevant information or changes observed during or after the ambulation, allowing the nurse to stay informed about the client's condition.
● "Be certain to use a gait belt when performing this activity": Using a gait belt is an important safety measure during ambulation. It helps provide support and stability for the client and allows the PCT to maintain control and assist in case the client becomes unsteady or falls.
● "Each ambulation should last 10 minutes": Providing a specific time frame for the ambulation helps guide the PCT in determining the duration of the activity. This ensures consistency in the care provided and allows for proper scheduling of ambulation throughout the day.
The other options provided ("Ambulate the client every four hours," "Come and get me for lunch") do not pertain to specific instructions or teaching related to the delegated ambulation task. The frequency of ambulation and the PCT's lunch break are not relevant to the teaching for this specific task.
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