A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

"Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils."

"Antihistamines block H1 receptors to prevent actions of histamine at these sites."

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors."

"First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Antihistamines primarily work by blocking the H1 receptors, which are the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of histamine in the body. By blocking these receptors, antihistamines prevent or reduce the effects of histamine, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. This is the main mechanism by which antihistamines provide their therapeutic effects. "Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils." This statement is incorrect. Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine; instead, they block the histamine receptors to prevent the effects of histamine.

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors." This statement is incorrect. H1 antagonists, or H1 receptor blockers, specifically bind to H1 receptors and do not have significant affinity for H2 receptors or muscarinic receptors. "First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines." This statement is incorrect. First-generation antihistamines are generally less selective and can have more sedating and anticholinergic effects compared to second-generation antihistamines, which are designed to be more selective for H1 receptors and have reduced sedative properties.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

During triage in a disaster situation, a color tagging system is often used to prioritize and categorize the injured based on the severity of their injuries and the urgency of medical attention required. The colors commonly used in triage are:

● Green tag: Minor injuries that are non-urgent and can typically wait for medical treatment.

● Yellow tag: Injuries that are significant but not immediately life-threatening, requiring medical attention within a few hours.

● Red tag: Critical injuries that are life-threatening but still salvageable with prompt medical intervention.

● Black tag: Injuries that are severe and unsurvivable or incompatible with life. This tag is assigned to individuals who are deceased or have injuries that are beyond the resources available for treatment.

In the given scenario, the absence of breathing, absent radial pulse, prolonged capillary refill, and unresponsiveness indicate a critical condition with no signs of life. Therefore, a black tag would be assigned to this individual.

A. Check the patency of the NG tube. B. Place the patient in a recumbent position. C. Encourage the patient to deep breathe and consciously relax. D. Assess the patient's vital signs and circulatory status.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The development of nausea and increased upper abdominal bowel sounds after 24 hours of NG decompression in a patient with gastric outlet obstruction raises concerns for possible complications or changes in the patient's condition. Assessing the patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation, can provide important information about their circulatory status and overall stability.

While checking the patency of the NG tube is important, it is not the best immediate action in this situation. The nurse should first assess the patient's vital signs to ensure their stability before proceeding with further interventions.

Placing the patient in a recumbent position (lying down) or encouraging deep breathing and conscious relaxation may not address the underlying issue and could potentially exacerbate the symptoms. It is essential to assess the patient's vital signs and circulatory status to determine the appropriate course of action.

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A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

While triaging the wounded from a disaster, you note that one of the wounded is not breathing, radial pulse is absent, capillary refill >2 seconds, and does not respond to your commands. What color tag is assigned?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient with a gastric outlet obstruction has been treated with NG decompression. After the first 24 hours, the patient develops nausea and increased upper abdominal bowel sounds. What is the best action by the nurse?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is planning to teach the patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about foods or beverages that decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. What should be included in this list (select all that apply)?

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