A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

"Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils."

"Antihistamines block H1 receptors to prevent actions of histamine at these sites."

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors."

"First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Antihistamines primarily work by blocking the H1 receptors, which are the receptors responsible for mediating the actions of histamine in the body. By blocking these receptors, antihistamines prevent or reduce the effects of histamine, such as itching, sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes. This is the main mechanism by which antihistamines provide their therapeutic effects. "Antihistamines block release of histamine from mast cells and basophils." This statement is incorrect. Antihistamines do not block the release of histamine; instead, they block the histamine receptors to prevent the effects of histamine.

"H1 antagonists can bind to H1 receptors, H2 receptors, and muscarinic receptors." This statement is incorrect. H1 antagonists, or H1 receptor blockers, specifically bind to H1 receptors and do not have significant affinity for H2 receptors or muscarinic receptors. "First-generation antihistamines are more selective than second-generation antihistamines." This statement is incorrect. First-generation antihistamines are generally less selective and can have more sedating and anticholinergic effects compared to second-generation antihistamines, which are designed to be more selective for H1 receptors and have reduced sedative properties.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Ensure the client receives adequate amounts of fluids: This is important to maintain hydration and thin respiratory secretions, making it easier for the client to cough and clear the airways. Check the client's mouth for stomatitis: Methylprednisolone can increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis (thrush) or stomatitis, which can cause discomfort and interfere with oral intake. Regular mouth checks can help identify these conditions early for appropriate management. Assess the client's mental status: Pneumonia, particularly in individuals with pre-existing lung disease like COPD, can lead to hypoxemia, which may affect mental status. It is important to monitor the client's mental status, as changes in cognition or confusion can be indicators of hypoxia and require prompt intervention.

Monitor for signs of hypokalemia: Methylprednisolone, like other corticosteroids, can cause electrolyte imbalances, including hypokalemia (low potassium levels). Hypokalemia can have various effects on the body, including muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias. Regular monitoring of potassium levels and signs of hypokalemia is important for timely management. Monitor the client's blood glucose levels: Methylprednisolone can increase blood glucose levels, particularly in individuals with pre-existing diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is necessary to ensure proper glycemic control and prevent hyperglycemia-related complications.

Monitor the client's blood pressure for hypotension: Corticosteroids like methylprednisolone can cause fluid retention, leading to an increase in blood pressure. However, sudden withdrawal of corticosteroids can result in adrenal insufficiency and hypotension. Close monitoring of blood pressure is necessary to identify any significant changes and adjust the medication regimen accordingly.

A. administration of antiemetics B. administration of diuretics C. Possible Electrolyte replacement if warranted D. Administration of IV 0.9 Saline Solution infusion E. Have the patient go home and rest. It will resolve itself shortly.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Mrs. Kalen is diagnosed with gastroenteritis and dehydration, and the arterial blood gas results indicate metabolic alkalosis (elevated pH and HCO3-). This suggests that there is an excessive loss of gastric acid and chloride ions from vomiting, leading to an imbalance of electrolytes and an increase in bicarbonate levels.

To correct the imbalance and treat dehydration, the primary intervention is fluid replacement. Administration of IV 0.9 Saline Solution, also known as normal saline, is commonly used for fluid resuscitation and rehydration. This isotonic solution helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels in the body.

Administration of antiemetics may help control vomiting, but the primary treatment focus in this case is fluid and electrolyte replacement to correct dehydration and the associated metabolic alkalosis.

Administration of diuretics, which increase urine output, would not be appropriate in this case as the patient is already experiencing dehydration.

Electrolyte replacement may be necessary if there are specific electrolyte imbalances identified, but the primary treatment is fluid replacement with IV saline solution.

Having the patient go home and rest without addressing the underlying dehydration and metabolic alkalosis would not be appropriate as it can lead to further complications.

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A nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about antihistamines. Which statement by a student indicates an understanding of the mechanism of action of the antihistamines?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is diagnosed with pneumonia. The client has been on a long-term regimen of methylprednisolone. Which precautions should the nurse take to prevent complications? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E","F"]

Explanation

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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