A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection.
The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?
Protease inhibitors.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Integrase inhibitors.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Protease inhibitors are a category of antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV. They work by affecting an enzyme called protease, which is necessary for the maturation of new viral particles. By inhibiting protease, these drugs prevent the formation of mature, infectious HIV particles.
Choice B rationale:
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including both nucleoside and non-nucleoside variants, target the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA, an essential step in the viral life cycle. However, it's not about preventing the maturation of new viral particles, as mentioned in the question.
Choice C rationale:
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, but they do so differently than protease inhibitors. While they are vital in HIV treatment, they do not specifically target the maturation of viral particles.
Choice D rationale:
Integrase inhibitors target the enzyme integrase, which is involved in the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. This step is crucial in the HIV life cycle, but it's not related to the maturation of new viral particles.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Alkylating agents. Alkylating agents are not cell cycle-specific. These agents work by directly binding to DNA and interfering with the cell's ability to replicate and divide. Their action is not limited to a specific phase of the cell cycle, making them non-cell cycle-specific agents. Alkylating agents are often used in cancer chemotherapy to prevent cell division and growth.
Choice C rationale:
Antineoplastic antibiotics. Antineoplastic antibiotics are not cell cycle-specific either. These drugs, such as doxorubicin and bleomycin, work by disrupting DNA and RNA synthesis and are used to treat various types of cancer. However, they do not specifically target cells in a particular phase of the cell cycle.
Choice D rationale:
Retinoids. Retinoids are not cell cycle-specific antineoplastic agents. Retinoids are compounds related to vitamin A and are used for various medical purposes, including some cancer treatments. However, their mechanism of action is not tied to a specific phase of the cell cycle, making them non-cell cycle-specific.
Choice B rationale:
Plant alkaloids. Plant alkaloids, such as vinca alkaloids (vincristine and vinblastine) and taxanes (paclitaxel), are considered cell cycle-specific antineoplastic drugs. These agents interfere with microtubule function, which is critical during mitosis (cell division). By disrupting microtubules, they specifically target rapidly dividing cancer cells during the M phase of the cell cycle. This selectivity for actively dividing cells makes plant alkaloids cell cycle-specific antineoplastic drugs.
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