A nursing instructor is describing the different categories of antiretroviral agents used in treatment for HIV infection.
The instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which category as affecting an enzyme so that new viral particles cannot mature?
Protease inhibitors.
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
Integrase inhibitors.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Protease inhibitors are a category of antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of HIV. They work by affecting an enzyme called protease, which is necessary for the maturation of new viral particles. By inhibiting protease, these drugs prevent the formation of mature, infectious HIV particles.
Choice B rationale:
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, including both nucleoside and non-nucleoside variants, target the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of HIV RNA into DNA, an essential step in the viral life cycle. However, it's not about preventing the maturation of new viral particles, as mentioned in the question.
Choice C rationale:
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) also inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, but they do so differently than protease inhibitors. While they are vital in HIV treatment, they do not specifically target the maturation of viral particles.
Choice D rationale:
Integrase inhibitors target the enzyme integrase, which is involved in the integration of viral DNA into the host cell's DNA. This step is crucial in the HIV life cycle, but it's not related to the maturation of new viral particles.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Ginger Ginger is not typically used to prevent or relieve symptoms of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is more commonly known for its anti-nausea properties and may be used for gastrointestinal discomfort, but it is not a well-known remedy for UTIs.
Choice B rationale:
Feverfew Feverfew is an herbal remedy often used for headaches and migraines, not for UTIs. It has anti-inflammatory properties and is not typically associated with urinary tract health.
Choice C rationale:
Saw palmetto Saw palmetto is sometimes used for symptoms related to the prostate, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), but it is not commonly associated with preventing or relieving UTI symptoms. Its primary use is for male reproductive health, not UTIs.
Choice D rationale:
Cranberry Cranberry is a well-known and widely recognized natural remedy for preventing and relieving symptoms of UTIs. It is believed to help by preventing the adhesion of bacteria to the urinary tract wall, making it easier for the body to flush out the bacteria. It is important for the client to be aware of this option, as cranberry products, such as cranberry juice or supplements, can be a helpful adjunct to treatment or prevention of UTIs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when an individual is exposed to a disease-causing agent for the first time and develops immunity through their immune response. In this case, the client is exposed to chickenpox for the first time, and the immune system will produce antibodies to provide future protection.
Choice B rationale:
Administration of a vaccine (varicella vaccine) is an example of artificially acquired active immunity. The client's immune system responds to the weakened or inactivated pathogen in the vaccine to produce immunity. This choice does not represent naturally acquired immunity.
Choice C rationale:
Similar to choice B, administration of the influenza vaccine is an example of artificially acquired active immunity. The vaccine contains inactivated influenza virus components, prompting the individual's immune system to develop immunity.
Choice D rationale:
Administration of the rubella vaccine is another example of artificially acquired active immunity. The vaccine stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against rubella, but this is not an example of naturally acquired immunity.
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