A nurse working in an emergency department is caring for a client who has third-degree frostbite to both lower extremities. The nurse should take which of the following actions?

Massage the legs.

Apply dry heat to the legs.

Elevate the legs.

Immerse the legs in cold water.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Massage the legs: This is incorrect. Massage is contraindicated as it can cause further tissue damage and is not appropriate for frostbite.
B. Apply dry heat to the legs: This is incorrect. Dry heat can exacerbate tissue damage. Rewarming should be done using controlled, warm water immersion, not dry heat.
C. Elevate the legs: This is correct. Elevating the legs helps reduce swelling and can prevent further tissue damage. However, rewarming should be done carefully in a controlled environment.
D. Immerse the legs in cold water: This is incorrect. Immersing in cold water would worsen the frostbite. Rewarming should be done using warm (not hot) water, ideally at 37-39°C (98.6-102.2°F), for effective treatment.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Hormone therapy decreases the risk of cardiovascular events: This is incorrect. Hormone therapy has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, especially in older women or those with preexisting risk factors.
B. Hormone therapy may prevent osteoporotic fractures: This is correct. Hormone therapy can help maintain bone density and reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures, which is beneficial after a total hysterectomy.
C. Hormone therapy should be taken in doses throughout the day: This is incorrect. Hormone therapy is typically taken in a single daily dose or according to a specific schedule, rather than multiple times throughout the day.
D. If a dose is missed, then the next dose should be doubled: This is incorrect. Missing a dose of hormone therapy should be addressed according to the specific medication instructions, and doubling the dose is not generally recommended.

A. Administer pain medication. B. Administer antibiotic therapy. C. Administer an antiviral medication. D. Administer an antitoxin.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer pain medication: Pain management is not the primary intervention for exposure to anthrax; the focus should be on addressing the disease directly.
B. Administer antibiotic therapy: This is correct. Post-exposure prophylaxis with antibiotics is crucial in preventing the development of anthrax, especially after exposure to spores.
C. Administer an antiviral medication: This is incorrect. Anthrax is caused by bacteria, not viruses, so antiviral medications are not effective.
D. Administer an antitoxin: While antitoxins are used in treating symptomatic anthrax, the immediate and appropriate action for exposure is to start antibiotic therapy.

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A nurse working in an emergency department is caring for a client who has third-degree frostbite to both lower extremities. The nurse should take which of the following actions?

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