A nurse suspects that a pregnant client may be experiencing placenta abruption based on assessment of which finding? Select all that apply.
Absence of pain
Insidious onset
Dark red vaginal bleeding
Rigid uterus
Correct Answer : C,D,E
Choice A: Absence of pain is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is a condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and pain. The pain is usually severe and constant.
Choice B: Insidious onset is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is usually a sudden and acute event that occurs in the third trimester or during labor.
Choice C: Dark red vaginal bleeding is a sign of abruptio placenta. The bleeding is caused by the rupture of blood vessels between the placenta and the uterus. The blood may be dark red because it is old or clotted.
Choice D: Rigid uterus is a sign of abruptio placenta. The uterus becomes hard and tense as a result of the bleeding and contraction of the uterine muscles. This can impair the blood flow to the fetus and cause fetal distress.
Choice E: Absent fetal heart tones is a sign of abruptio placenta. The loss of blood and oxygen to the fetus can cause fetal death or stillbirth. Fetal heart tones can be detected by using a Doppler device or a fetoscope.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason: This is incorrect because mosquitoes do not transmit HIV. HIV is a virus that infects human cells and cannot survive in insects. Mosquitoes do not inject blood from one person to another when they bite, but only saliva that contains anticoagulants and enzymes.
Choice B Reason: This is incorrect because accidental puncture wounds are not a common mode of HIV transmission. HIV can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, such as through needle sharing, blood transfusion, or occupational injury. However, these cases are rare and can be prevented by using sterile equipment, screening blood products, and following universal precautions.
Choice C Reason: This is incorrect because casual contact is not a mode of HIV transmission. HIV is not an airborne virus and cannot be spread by coughing, sneezing, or breathing. HIV cannot be transmitted by hugging, kissing, or sharing utensils.
Choice D Reason: This is correct because direct contact with infected body fluids is the most common mode of HIV transmission. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an infected person, as these activities can involve contact with infected blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or pre-ejaculate. HIV can also be transmitted through sharing needles or syringes with an infected person, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A: Striae gravidarum are stretch marks that appear on the abdomen, breasts, or thighs during pregnancy. They are caused by the tearing of the connective tissue in the dermis due to rapid growth or weight gain.
Choice B: Linea nigra is a dark vertical line that runs from the umbilicus to the pubic area. It is caused by increased melanin production due to hormonal changes during pregnancy. This is the correct choice because it matches the description in the question.
Choice C: Vascular spiders are dilated blood vessels that appear on the skin as red or purple spider-like lesions. They are caused by increased estrogen levels and blood volume during pregnancy. They are usually found on the face, neck, chest, or arms.
Choice D: Melasma is a condition that causes brown or gray patches on the face, especially on the forehead, cheeks, nose, or upper lip. It is caused by increased melanin production due to sun exposure and hormonal changes during pregnancy. It is also known as chloasma or the mask of pregnancy.
