A nurse suspects that a pregnant client may be experiencing placenta abruption based on assessment of which finding? Select all that apply.

To calculate the amount of NG drainage, the nurse should subtract the amount of irrigation fluid from the amount of fluid in the NG canister. The irrigation fluid is not part of the drainage, but rather a way to keep the NG tube patent and prevent clogging.

The amount of irrigation fluid is 30 mL x 2 = 60 mL.

The amount of fluid in the NG canister is 475 mL.

Therefore, the amount of NG drainage is 475 mL - 60 mL = 415 mL.

The answer should be rounded to the nearest whole number and use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.

Therefore, the final answer is 415 mL.

Choice A: Absence of pain is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is a condition where the placenta separates from the uterine wall before delivery, causing bleeding and pain. The pain is usually severe and constant.

Choice B: Insidious onset is not a sign of abruptio placenta. Abruptio placenta is usually a sudden and acute event that occurs in the third trimester or during labor.

Choice C: Dark red vaginal bleeding is a sign of abruptio placenta. The bleeding is caused by the rupture of blood vessels between the placenta and the uterus. The blood may be dark red because it is old or clotted.

Choice D: Rigid uterus is a sign of abruptio placenta. The uterus becomes hard and tense as a result of the bleeding and contraction of the uterine muscles. This can impair the blood flow to the fetus and cause fetal distress.

Choice E: Absent fetal heart tones is a sign of abruptio placenta. The loss of blood and oxygen to the fetus can cause fetal death or stillbirth. Fetal heart tones can be detected by using a Doppler device or a fetoscope.

Assessment of a pregnant woman and her fetus reveals tachycardia and hypertension. There is also evidence suggesting vasoconstriction. The nurse would question the woman about use of which substance?