A nurse is to administer a hypotonic solution to a patient with a critically high sodium. Which solution is hypotonic?

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Lactated Ringer's

D5W (5% Dextrose in Water)

0.45% Sodium Chloride

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: This is not a correct answer because 0.9% Sodium Chloride is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice B reason: This is not a correct answer because Lactated Ringer's is an isotonic solution, which means it has the same osmolarity as the blood plasma. It does not cause any fluid shifts between the intracellular and extracellular compartments.

Choice C reason: This is not a correct answer because D5W (5% Dextrose in Water) is an isotonic solution when it is in the IV bag, but it becomes hypotonic once it enters the body, as the dextrose is rapidly metabolized and only water remains. However, it is not a preferred solution for a patient with critically high sodium, as it can cause cerebral edema and worsen the neurological status.

Choice D reason: This is a correct answer because 0.45% Sodium Chloride is a hypotonic solution, which means it has a lower osmolarity than the blood plasma. It causes fluid to shift from the extracellular to the intracellular compartment, which can help lower the sodium level and correct the fluid imbalance.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Constipation is not a priority finding for a client with peptic ulcer disease. It may be a side effect of some medications or a result of decreased fluid intake, but it does not indicate a serious complication.

Choice B reason: Dyspepsia is a common symptom of peptic ulcer disease, but it is not a priority finding. It refers to indigestion or discomfort in the upper abdomen, which may be relieved by antacids or other medications.

Choice C reason: Hematemesis is a priority finding for a client with peptic ulcer disease. It indicates bleeding from the ulcer, which can lead to shock and anemia. The nurse should monitor the client's vital signs, hemoglobin level, and blood loss, and notify the provider immediately.

Choice D reason: Epigastric discomfort is another common symptom of peptic ulcer disease, but it is not a priority finding. It refers to pain or burning in the upper abdomen, which may be worsened by food intake or stress. The nurse should provide comfort measures and educate the client on dietary and lifestyle modifications.

A. Client who weighs 28% above ideal body weight B. Client who has a waist circumference of 81.3 cm (32 in) C. Client who has a BMI of 28 D. Client who has a body fat of 22%

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is the correct answer because weighing 28% above ideal body weight is a sign of obesity. Ideal body weight is an estimate of the weight that corresponds to the lowest mortality for a given height and gender. Obesity is defined as having a body weight that is 20% or more above ideal body weight.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer because having a waist circumference of 81.3 cm (32 in) is not a manifestation of obesity. Waist circumference is a measure of abdominal fat, which is associated with increased health risks. However, the cut-off point for waist circumference varies by gender and ethnicity. For women, a waist circumference of more than 88 cm (35 in) is considered high.

Choice C reason: This is not the correct answer because having a BMI of 28 is not a manifestation of obesity. BMI is a measure of body mass index, which is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared. BMI is used to classify weight status and health risks. For adults, a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered normal, 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, and 30 or more is considered obese.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer because having a body fat of 22% is not a manifestation of obesity. Body fat is a measure of the percentage of fat in the body, which is determined by various methods such as skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance, or underwater weighing. Body fat is influenced by age, gender, and physical activity. For women, a body fat of 21 to 33% is considered normal, 33 to 39% is considered high, and more than 39% is considered very high.

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A nurse is to administer a hypotonic solution to a patient with a critically high sodium. Which solution is hypotonic?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as the PRIORITY?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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