A nurse is to administer a 500ml bolus of normal saline to a patient over 1 hour?

A. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) - While VTE can cause leg pain and swelling, the presence of fever, chills, and localized trauma history in this scenario points more toward cellulitis.

B. Cellulitis
The client's symptoms, including pain, swelling, fever, chills, and sweating, are indicative of cellulitis, which is a bacterial skin infection. The history of trauma to the leg (hitting the leg on the car door) could have introduced bacteria into the skin, leading to the infection. The client's diabetes mellitus type 2 also increases the risk of developing skin infections due to impaired immune function and circulation. Cellulitis often presents with localized pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and systemic symptoms like fever and chills. Immediate medical evaluation and appropriate antibiotic treatment are necessary for cellulitis.

C. Arterial insufficiency - Arterial insufficiency typically presents with symptoms like intermittent claudication, rest pain, and non-healing wounds due to poor circulation. The symptoms described in the scenario are more consistent with an acute infection (cellulitis) rather than chronic arterial insufficiency.

D. Thrombocytopenia - Thrombocytopenia is a condition characterized by low platelet count and does not directly cause localized pain, swelling, and redness in the leg as described in the scenario.

A. Stretching exercises:

Stretching exercises involve gently elongating muscles and tendons, promoting flexibility and range of motion. For individuals with osteoporosis, stretching exercises can improve balance and reduce the risk of falls, which is crucial as osteoporosis weakens bones and makes individuals more prone to fractures.
B. Riding a bicycle:

Bicycling is a low-impact cardiovascular exercise that is easy on the joints. It can help improve cardiovascular health, but it might not specifically address the balance and flexibility issues often associated with osteoporosis. However, it's a good option for overall fitness and joint health.
C. Walking briskly:

Brisk walking is an excellent low-impact aerobic exercise. It improves cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and aids in weight management. Walking can be adapted to various fitness levels, making it a suitable exercise for many older adults. While it doesn't specifically focus on flexibility, it promotes overall health and well-being.
D. High-impact aerobics:

High-impact aerobics involve activities like jumping, running, or intense dancing. These exercises can stress the bones and joints, potentially leading to injuries, especially for individuals with osteoporosis. High-impact exercises are generally discouraged for people with osteoporosis due to the increased risk of fractures.