A nurse is teaching the guardian of a newborn about car seat safety.
Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Choice A rationale

Diarrhea is a common side effect of clozapine, a second-generation antipsychotic medication. It is usually a mild to moderate symptom and does not typically warrant immediate reporting to the provider unless it is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms like dehydration. It can often be managed with dietary adjustments or over-the-counter antidiarrheal medications, and it does not usually indicate a serious or life-threatening adverse reaction.

Choice B rationale

A fever in a client taking clozapine is a critical finding that must be immediately reported to the provider. Fever can be an early symptom of agranulocytosis, a severe and potentially fatal adverse effect characterized by a dangerously low white blood cell count. Agranulocytosis makes the client highly susceptible to severe infections. A fever may also indicate the onset of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, another serious and life-threatening condition.

Choice C rationale

Polyuria, which is excessive urination, can be a symptom of various conditions but is not a primary concern or contraindication for clozapine administration. It can be associated with increased fluid intake due to xerostomia (dry mouth), a common side effect of clozapine. It does not typically indicate a severe, life-threatening adverse effect like agranulocytosis or neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and thus does not require immediate reporting.

Choice D rationale

Diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is a frequent side effect of clozapine. It is often related to the drug's anticholinergic effects and thermoregulatory dysfunction. While it can be uncomfortable for the client and may require management, it is not an immediate sign of a life-threatening condition like agranulocytosis or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Therefore, it does not typically require an immediate report to the provider. *.

Choice A rationale

Chilling the lavage fluid causes vasoconstriction of the gastric blood vessels, which helps to slow or stop the bleeding. The cold temperature directly constricts the capillaries and arterioles in the stomach lining, reducing blood flow to the bleeding site. This action is a primary goal of gastric lavage in cases of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Choice B rationale

Positioning the client on their left side is the appropriate action. This position allows the lavage fluid to pool in the greater curvature of the stomach, where it can be most effective at washing over the bleeding site. Placing the client on their right side would cause the fluid to quickly pass into the duodenum, which is less effective for gastric lavage.

Choice C rationale

Gastric lavage is performed to remove blood and clots from the stomach. The procedure involves instilling a fluid, typically saline, and then withdrawing it. The nurse continues this process, manually withdrawing the fluid, until the return fluid is clear or only slightly pink, which indicates that the bleeding has been controlled or significantly reduced.

Choice D rationale

A large-bore NG tube (16-18 French or larger) is preferred for gastric lavage in cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A large-bore tube is necessary to effectively remove blood clots and viscous fluid from the stomach. A small-bore tube would easily become occluded by clots, rendering the lavage procedure ineffective. *.