A nurse is teaching about preventative measures to a female client who has chronic urinary tract infections.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Choice A rationale:

Placing the client's hands in warm water is a method to stimulate urination and is appropriate for clients experiencing difficulty voiding. However, in this situation, the client is postpartum and unable to urinate, which might indicate a potential issue with the bladder or urethra. Performing a fundal massage would be more appropriate in this case as it helps to stimulate uterine contractions, which can aid in the expulsion of clots or retained placental fragments, potentially relieving the obstruction and allowing the client to urinate.

Choice B rationale:

Performing a fundal massage is the correct choice in this scenario. The nurse should gently massage the client's uterine fundus to promote uterine contractions. This can help expel clots or retained placental fragments, relieving any obstruction in the urethra and allowing the client to urinate. It's a standard practice after childbirth to prevent postpartum hemorrhage and ensure the uterus contracts properly.

Choice C rationale:

Administering a benzodiazepine is not appropriate for this situation. Benzodiazepines are a class of medications primarily used for anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. There is no indication for the use of benzodiazepines in this case, as the client's inability to urinate is likely related to a physiological issue postpartum, not anxiety or seizures.

Choice D rationale:

Placing an ice pack on the client's perineum is not the correct intervention for this situation. Ice packs on the perineum are typically used to reduce swelling and relieve pain after childbirth. However, the client's inability to urinate suggests a potential issue within the urinary system, and a fundal massage to promote uterine contractions would be more appropriate.

Choice A rationale:

An altered level of consciousness is a common finding in clients with Alzheimer's disease. This may range from mild confusion to severe cognitive impairment. It is caused by the degeneration of brain cells and affects memory, thinking, and behavior.

Choice B rationale:

Rapid mood swings are not specific to Alzheimer's disease. While mood changes can occur, they are not typically characterized by rapid swings. Mood disturbances may include depression, apathy, or irritability, but these symptoms are not unique to Alzheimer's disease.

Choice C rationale:

Excessive motor activity is not a typical finding in clients with Alzheimer's disease. Instead, clients often experience a decline in motor skills and coordination as the disease progresses. Restlessness or agitation might occur, but excessive motor activity is not a characteristic feature.

Choice D rationale:

Failure to recognize familiar objects, people, or places is a common symptom of Alzheimer's disease. This is due to the damage and loss of nerve cells in the brain. As the disease advances, clients may have difficulty recognizing even close family members or their own reflection in the mirror.