A nurse is teaching a patient about the use of spermicide.

Which of the following is an adverse effect of some spermicides that contain nonoxynol-9 (N-9)?

The correct answer is choice A.COCs prevent pregnancy byinhibiting the production of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which are responsible for ovulation.

By suppressing ovulation, COCs prevent the release of a mature egg that can be fertilized by sperm.

Choice B is wrong because COCs do not increase the production of prostaglandins that cause uterine contractions.

Prostaglandins are involved in inflammation and pain, and are not directly related to contraception.

Choice C is wrong because COCs do not decrease the permeability of the fallopian tubes to sperm and egg.

The fallopian tubes are the site of fertilization, and COCs do not affect their function.

Choice D is partially correct but not the best answer.COCs do suppress ovulation, but they also have other mechanisms of action, such asthickening cervical mucusandaltering the uterine lining.

These effects make it harder for sperm to reach the egg and for a fertilized egg to implant in the uterus.

Therefore, choice D does not capture the full mechanism of action of COCs.

The correct answer is choice C) “No, you should avoid activities that could cause straining or trauma until healing occurs.” This is because a vasectomy is a surgical procedure that involves cutting and sealing the tubes that carry sperm from the testicles to the semen.It requires some time for recovery and healing, and strenuous activities like hunting could increase the risk of bleeding, infection, or reopening the incisions.

Choice A) “Yes, this activity level will be fine.” is wrong because it contradicts the medical advice to rest and avoid heavy lifting or exercise for at least a week after a vasectomy.

Choice B) “No, you should avoid sexual intercourse until your follow-up visit.” is wrong because it is too restrictive.Sexual intercourse can be resumed after a few days or when the pain and swelling subside, as long as contraception is used until the semen is confirmed to be sperm-free.

Choice D) “Yes, but you should wear tight-fitting underwear.” is wrong because it is not enough to prevent complications.Tight-fitting underwear can help support the scrotum and reduce discomfort, but it does not eliminate the need to avoid activities that could cause straining or trauma.