A nurse is teaching a client with a new prescription for metformin (Glucophage). Which of the following findings should the nurse instruct the client to report as an adverse effect of metformin? (Select All That Apply.)
Hypoglycemia
Somnolence
Fluid retention
Hyperglycemia
The Correct Answer is B
A. Metformin does not typically cause hypoglycemia because it works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity, not directly lowering blood sugar levels.
B. Somnolence could indicate lactic acidosis, a rare but serious adverse effect of metformin that warrants immediate medical attention.
C. Fluid retention is not a known adverse effect of metformin. Other medications, such as certain thiazolidinediones, are associated with this complication.
D. Hyperglycemia is not a typical adverse effect of metformin; instead, it helps manage blood glucose levels in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","D"]
Explanation
A. Dimenhydrinate is an antihistamine commonly used to treat motion sickness by reducing the stimulation of the vestibular system.
B. Metoclopramide is not used for motion sickness. Its primary use is for nausea and vomiting caused by conditions such as gastroparesis or chemotherapy, as it works by enhancing gastrointestinal motility.
C. Scopolamine is specifically indicated for motion sickness. It acts as an anticholinergic to reduce the effects of motion on the vestibular system.
D. Ondansetron is not used for motion sickness. It is a serotonin antagonist primarily used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, radiation, or postoperative recovery.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Prolonged QT interval – This is correct. Ondansetron can cause prolongation of the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias, including torsades de pointes. This is a serious complication that requires monitoring, particularly in clients with cardiac risks.
B. Extrapyramidal symptoms – This is incorrect. Ondansetron does not typically cause extrapyramidal symptoms, which are more associated with dopamine antagonists like metoclopramide or prochlorperazine.
C. Nausea – This is incorrect. Ondansetron is specifically used to treat nausea and vomiting, not to cause them. If nausea persists, it may indicate treatment failure or another underlying issue.
D. Vomiting – This is incorrect. Ondansetron is an antiemetic and works to prevent vomiting. Vomiting would not be a complication of this medication under proper use.
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