A nurse is teaching a client who has stage IV pancreatic cancer about the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"DIC is controllable with lifelong heparin usage.”.

"DIC is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen.”.

"DIC is a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency.”.

"DIC is characterized by an elevated platelet count.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
DIC is not controllable with lifelong heparin usage. Heparin may be used to manage DIC, but it is not a permanent solution, and the underlying cause of DIC must be addressed.
Choice B rationale
DIC is caused by abnormal coagulation involving fibrinogen. It is characterized by widespread activation of the clotting cascade, leading to both clot formation and bleeding due to consumption of clotting factors and platelets.
Choice C rationale
DIC is not a genetic disorder involving a vitamin K deficiency. It is an acquired condition resulting from severe illnesses or injuries that trigger abnormal clotting and bleeding processes.
Choice D rationale
DIC is not characterized by an elevated platelet count. Instead, it involves thrombocytopenia due to the consumption of platelets in widespread clotting, leading to a decreased platelet count.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Hyperpigmentation is a common manifestation of Addison's disease due to increased production of melanocyte-stimulating hormone along with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Choice B rationale
Purple striations are more characteristic of Cushing's syndrome, not Addison's disease; they result from prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels.
Choice C rationale
Intention tremors are not associated with Addison's disease; they are more commonly related to neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis or cerebellar disorders.
Choice D rationale
Hirsutism is not typical of Addison's disease but is more related to conditions involving excess androgen production, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

A. Insert an indwelling catheter to monitor sediment in the urine. B. Provide the client with fresh fruit to avoid constipation. C. Take the client's temperature once per shift. D. Limit the number of health care workers entering the room.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Inserting an indwelling catheter is not recommended for immunosuppressed clients due to the increased risk of infection. Minimizing invasive procedures is critical in these patients.
Choice B rationale
Providing fresh fruit is not advisable for immunosuppressed clients, as raw fruits and vegetables can harbor bacteria and increase the risk of infection. Cooked foods are safer options.
Choice C rationale
Taking the client's temperature once per shift is insufficient for monitoring infection in immunosuppressed clients. More frequent temperature monitoring is necessary to detect early signs of infection.
Choice D rationale
Limiting the number of health care workers entering the room is essential for reducing the risk of infections in immunosuppressed clients, as it minimizes exposure to potential pathogens.

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A nurse is teaching a client who has stage IV pancreatic cancer about the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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