A nurse is teaching a client who has osteoarthritis about joint protection strategies.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Sit in chairs with low, soft backs.
Use both hands to hold objects.
Push up from the bed with your fingers.
Turn doorknobs clockwise.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Sitting in chairs with low, soft backs can worsen osteoarthritis symptoms and increase joint stress. Low chairs require more force from the hips and knees to stand up, which can strain these joints. Soft backs provide inadequate support, leading to poor posture and increased stress on the spine and other joints. Proper joint protection involves maintaining good posture and minimizing strain on affected joints.
Choice B rationale
Using both hands to hold objects distributes the weight and stress evenly across multiple joints, such as those in both wrists and hands, thereby reducing the workload on any single joint. This technique minimizes the risk of joint deformation and pain associated with osteoarthritis by preventing excessive force from being applied to a single joint, a key principle of joint protection.
Choice C rationale
Pushing up from a bed with fingers puts a concentrated, high-impact force on the small joints of the fingers, which are often affected by osteoarthritis. This action can lead to pain, inflammation, and potential deformity over time. Instead, individuals should use their palms or forearms to push up, distributing the force over a larger, stronger surface area.
Choice D rationale
Turning doorknobs clockwise or in any specific direction with a forceful grip can exacerbate joint pain and strain in the fingers and wrist. This motion places significant torque on the affected joints. To protect joints, clients should be advised to use lever-style doorknobs or adaptive devices that require less grip strength and a different motion. *.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Crusting along the incision line is the result of dried serous fluid and blood, which is a normal part of the wound healing process during the inflammatory phase. This finding alone is not indicative of a surgical site infection, which is characterized by other signs.
Choice B rationale
A temperature of $37.2^\circ C$ ($99^\circ F$) is within the normal range for body temperature ($36.1^\circ C$ to $37.2^\circ C$ or $97^\circ F$ to $99^\circ F$). An elevated temperature, specifically a fever, is a systemic sign of infection. A low-grade fever might be a subtle sign, but this temperature is not high enough.
Choice C rationale
Pink coloration of the incision line is a normal finding in the early stages of wound healing, representing angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. This process is crucial for tissue repair and does not indicate a surgical site infection, which is typically characterized by erythema and warmth.
Choice D rationale
Swelling, or edema, is a classic sign of inflammation and infection. While some minor swelling is normal, swelling that extends significantly beyond the wound margins, such as 3.8 cm (1.5 in), indicates a heightened inflammatory response potentially due to bacterial proliferation and infection. *.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Flumazenil is a competitive antagonist for benzodiazepine receptors in the central nervous system. It works by blocking the effects of benzodiazepines, effectively reversing their sedative and anxiolytic effects. It is a specific antidote for benzodiazepine overdose and is indicated for the reversal of conscious sedation or for managing a benzodiazepine overdose. It should be used with caution due to the risk of seizures in long-term users.
Choice B rationale
Atropine is an anticholinergic medication primarily used to treat bradycardia (slow heart rate) and as an antidote for nerve agent or pesticide poisoning. It acts on muscarinic receptors to block the action of acetylcholine. It does not have any effect on benzodiazepine receptors and is therefore not the appropriate medication for treating benzodiazepine toxicity.
Choice C rationale
Activated charcoal is a general adsorbent used to treat certain oral poisonings and overdoses. It binds to the drug in the gastrointestinal tract, preventing its absorption into the bloodstream. It is only effective if administered early after ingestion of the drug. It is not a specific antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity, but a general measure to prevent absorption. Flumazenil is the specific antidote.
Choice D rationale
Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist that reverses the effects of opioid overdose by competing for the same receptor sites. It is specifically used for opioid toxicity and is ineffective for benzodiazepine overdose. Administering naloxone would not alter the effects of benzodiazepines and would be a completely inappropriate intervention for this type of toxicity.
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