A nurse is teaching a client who has open-angle glaucoma about eye drop administration. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

A. Inform the client that they will need to fast 4hr prior to the procedure: Fasting is generally not required for a thoracentesis unless moderate sedation or general anesthesia is planned. Routine thoracentesis is often performed with local anesthesia only, so strict fasting is unnecessary.

B. Explain that a needle will be inserted in the pleural space to withdraw fluid: Providing a clear explanation of the procedure helps reduce anxiety and ensures the client understands what to expect. Educating about needle insertion and fluid removal is essential for informed cooperation.

C. Obtain informed consent from the client: Informed consent is required for thoracentesis because it is an invasive procedure with risks such as pneumothorax, bleeding, and infection. The nurse must verify that consent is signed before proceeding.

D. Inform the client they will be sedated for the procedure: Many thoracenteses use local anesthesia with minimal sedation. Informing the client about sedation ensures understanding of the procedure and preparation for comfort measures, especially if moderate sedation is used.

E. Place the client in an upright position leaning over a bedside table: Proper positioning facilitates optimal access to the pleural space and improves patient safety and comfort. This upright posture with arms resting on a table is standard practice for thoracentesis.

F. Administer a cough suppressant to the client prior to the procedure: Suppressing cough is not routinely indicated before thoracentesis. The client may need to cough or take deep breaths during or after the procedure to prevent complications, so routine cough suppression is not recommended.

A. Decrease intake of citrus foods and beverages: Citrus foods and beverages do not increase the risk of UTIs and may actually support general health through vitamin C. Restricting them is unnecessary and not part of standard UTI prevention education.

B. Wear nylon underwear: Nylon underwear is less breathable than cotton and can increase moisture, promoting bacterial growth. Clients should be advised to wear cotton underwear to reduce UTI risk.

C. Empty the bladder before and after intercourse: Urinating before and after sexual activity helps flush bacteria from the urethra, reducing the risk of infection. This is an effective and recommended preventive measure for clients with a history of UTIs.

D. Increase the time between voiding: Holding urine for extended periods allows bacteria to multiply in the urinary tract and increases the risk of infection. Clients should be advised to void regularly to prevent UTIs.