A nurse is teaching a client who has mitral valve stenosis that has not responded to pharmacological therapies about other treatment options. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in their teaching?
"Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels."
"A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner."
"A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery."
"A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated. "
The Correct Answer is D
A) "Pentoxifylline can be administered to help the platelets from sticking together and occluding the vessels": Pentoxifylline is a medication used to improve blood flow by decreasing the viscosity of blood. However, it is not typically used to treat mitral valve stenosis. This statement does not accurately reflect treatment options for this condition.
B) "A heparin bolus is administered and followed with a continuous infusion to help keep the blood thinner": Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clot formation, but it is not a treatment for mitral valve stenosis itself. While anticoagulants may be used in certain situations with mitral valve stenosis (such as in the setting of atrial fibrillation), they do not directly address the underlying valve narrowing.
C) "A flexible catheter will be inserted into a vessel of the arm, neck, or groin and advanced to the heart to dilate a narrowed or occluded artery": This statement describes a procedure known as percutaneous transluminal mitral valvuloplasty (PTMV), which is a minimally invasive intervention used to treat mitral valve stenosis. During this procedure, a catheter with a deflated balloon on its tip is inserted into a vessel and guided to the heart, where the balloon is inflated to widen the narrowed valve.
D) "A small catheter with a balloon on the end is threaded into a vessel in the groin and advanced to the heart where the balloon will be inflated, and the narrowed valve will be dilated": This statement accurately describes balloon valvuloplasty, which is a common procedure used to treat mitral valve stenosis. By inflating the balloon within the narrowed valve, the procedure aims to widen the valve opening, thus improving blood flow through the heart.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. "You can have 2 to 3 cups of coffee throughout the day": Caffeine consumption can exacerbate tinnitus symptoms in some individuals. Therefore, advising the client to limit caffeine intake, rather than specifying a quantity, would be more appropriate.
B. "You should practice deep breathing exercises": Deep breathing exercises and relaxation techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety, which may contribute to tinnitus symptoms. Stress management strategies can be beneficial in managing tinnitus-related distress.
C. "You can use at least 2,300 mg of sodium daily": High sodium intake may exacerbate tinnitus symptoms in some individuals. Advising the client to limit sodium intake would be more appropriate to potentially alleviate symptoms.
D. "You should avoid exercising": Regular exercise is generally beneficial for overall health and well-being, including stress reduction, which can help manage tinnitus symptoms. Therefore, advising the client to avoid exercising is not appropriate.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Changes to social cognition and challenges to inhibitory control: Neurologic injuries such as increased intracranial pressure can lead to changes in social cognition, including difficulties in understanding social cues, interpreting emotions, and maintaining appropriate social interactions. Additionally, inhibitory control may be impaired, leading to impulsivity and disinhibition in behavior.
B. Improved mood stability and improved temper control: Neurologic injuries are more likely to result in mood instability and difficulties with temper control rather than improvement in these areas. Changes in mood, including irritability, anxiety, depression, and emotional lability, are common psychosocial consequences of neurologic injuries.
C. Improved rehabilitation outcomes and temporary behavior changes: While rehabilitation efforts may lead to improvement in functional abilities over time, neurologic injuries often result in persistent psychosocial challenges rather than improved outcomes. Temporary behavior changes may occur during the recovery process, but individuals may continue to experience long-term psychosocial sequelae.
D. Sense of purpose, improved motivation, and stable relationships: Neurologic injuries can significantly impact an individual's sense of purpose, motivation, and relationships. Clients may struggle to find meaning and motivation in their lives following a neurologic injury, and relationships may be strained due to changes in behavior, cognition, and communication.
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