A nurse is teaching a client who has a new colostomy about how to control odors and flatus.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Choice A rationale

Serving soup in a mug promotes independence and is less likely to spill compared to a bowl, which is beneficial for a client with dementia who may have fine motor skill deficits. This action simplifies the eating process, reducing frustration and increasing the likelihood of successful nutrient intake. This is part of providing a safe and dignified environment for the patient.

Choice B rationale

Allowing a client with dementia to cut their own food can be dangerous due to impaired judgment, cognitive decline, and potential motor skill deficits, which increase the risk of injury. Providing pre-cut food is a safety measure that prevents accidental cuts or choking, ensuring the client's well-being and reducing caregiver burden.

Choice C rationale

Colorful, patterned dishes can cause perceptual distortions and visual confusion for a client with dementia due to changes in depth perception and visual-spatial processing. This can make it difficult for them to distinguish the food from the plate, leading to decreased food intake and increased frustration. It is better to use plain, solid-colored dishes.

Choice D rationale

Withholding fluids while a client is eating increases the risk of dehydration and can make swallowing solid foods more difficult, potentially leading to aspiration. It is important to encourage fluid intake throughout the meal to aid in chewing and swallowing, which supports hydration and nutritional status. *.

Choice A rationale

For a preschooler, play is the primary mechanism for coping and learning. A pounding board allows the child to express frustration and aggression in a safe, appropriate manner. This type of play helps to relieve tension and anxiety associated with hospitalization. It provides a healthy outlet for emotions that the child may not be able to articulate verbally, which is crucial for this developmental stage.

Choice B rationale

Preschoolers have a limited understanding of complex language. Using medical terminology can be frightening and confusing to them, increasing their anxiety. Nurses should use simple, concrete language that the child can understand, such as "checking your arm" instead of "taking your blood pressure," to help them feel more secure and cooperative with care.

Choice C rationale

Preschoolers thrive on routine and predictability. Establishing a new routine can be disruptive and increase their stress and fear. The nurse should strive to maintain as much of the child's home routine as possible to provide a sense of security and normalcy. This helps them feel more in control and less overwhelmed by the hospital environment.

Choice D rationale

A preschooler may experience separation anxiety when a parent leaves the room. Performing assessments while the parent is present helps the child feel more secure and supported. The parent can also provide comfort and help distract the child, which can make procedures easier and less frightening for the child. This promotes a trusting relationship between the child, parent, and nurse.