A nurse is teaching a client at a prenatal clinic. The client shares that they have family members diagnosed with schizophrenia and wants to know how they can reduce their baby's risk of developing schizophrenia. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Restrict calories to maintain weight.
Avoid contracting a viral infection.
Limit iron intake.
Abstain from getting pregnant as a teenager.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Calorie restriction during pregnancy is not a recommended preventive measure and may actually harm fetal development by causing malnutrition.
Choice B reason: Maternal viral infections during pregnancy, such as influenza, have been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring. Preventing infections through vaccination, hygiene, and avoiding exposure is a protective measure.
Choice C reason: Iron deficiency should be prevented, not encouraged, since adequate maternal nutrition supports healthy fetal brain development. Limiting iron intake would not reduce schizophrenia risk and could increase complications.
Choice D reason: While teenage pregnancy carries social and medical risks, it is not directly linked to increasing schizophrenia risk in offspring compared to maternal infections during pregnancy.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: While exploring childhood experiences may provide insight into the origins of fear, this approach does not directly help the client build the confidence and skills needed to engage socially in the present. It may keep the focus on the past rather than promoting immediate coping strategies.
Choice B reason: Offering reassurance without addressing the underlying cognitive distortions minimizes the client’s distress and may come across as dismissive. This response fails to provide practical tools for overcoming fear of rejection.
Choice C reason: Encouraging participation in large social gatherings too quickly can overwhelm a client with avoidant traits. Such exposure without proper preparation and gradual buildup is more likely to increase anxiety and avoidance rather than reduce it.
Choice D reason: Supporting the client in recognizing and challenging self-defeating beliefs, while practicing gradual social exposure, is evidence-based and therapeutic. This method uses cognitive-behavioral strategies that are effective in reducing avoidance, building self-esteem, and encouraging healthier relationships.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The Durham Rule states that a defendant is not criminally responsible if their unlawful act was the result of a mental illness or defect. This directly matches the legal standard, making it the correct choice.
Choice B reason: The “irresistible impulse” test applies when a person cannot control their actions despite knowing right from wrong. This is not the Durham Rule’s standard.
Choice C reason: This statement describes the M’Naghten Rule, which requires proof that the defendant did not understand the wrongfulness of their act. It does not represent the Durham Rule.
Choice D reason: Temporary intoxication or delirium does not meet the criteria under the Durham Rule. Voluntary intoxication in particular is not considered a valid legal defense.
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