A nurse is teaching a client at a prenatal clinic. The client shares that they have family members diagnosed with schizophrenia and wants to know how they can reduce their baby's risk of developing schizophrenia. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Restrict calories to maintain weight.
Avoid contracting a viral infection.
Limit iron intake.
Abstain from getting pregnant as a teenager.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Calorie restriction during pregnancy is not a recommended preventive measure and may actually harm fetal development by causing malnutrition.
Choice B reason: Maternal viral infections during pregnancy, such as influenza, have been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring. Preventing infections through vaccination, hygiene, and avoiding exposure is a protective measure.
Choice C reason: Iron deficiency should be prevented, not encouraged, since adequate maternal nutrition supports healthy fetal brain development. Limiting iron intake would not reduce schizophrenia risk and could increase complications.
Choice D reason: While teenage pregnancy carries social and medical risks, it is not directly linked to increasing schizophrenia risk in offspring compared to maternal infections during pregnancy.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This response is factual but does not promote engagement or address the client’s passive stance. It emphasizes the nurse’s role without encouraging participation or collaboration from the older adult.
Choice B reason: This statement makes an assumption about the client’s feelings, labeling them as “angry,” which may not be accurate. It risks creating defensiveness and does not foster open communication or trust within the group.
Choice C reason: This response inappropriately offers group leadership to a member without assessing readiness or interest. It minimizes the therapeutic structure of the group and could confuse roles, making the group less effective.
Choice D reason: This option balances the acknowledgment of the nurse’s leadership role with an invitation for the client to share personal goals. It encourages involvement, respects autonomy, and helps build a therapeutic alliance by showing interest in what the older adult wants to accomplish.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This reverses the definitions of sympathy and empathy. Empathy is not about feeling sorry but about understanding and reflecting feelings.
Choice B reason: Sympathy is pity or sorrow for someone else’s suffering, while empathy means perceiving and validating the client’s experience without judgment, which is essential for therapeutic communication.
Choice C reason: Sympathy does not create emotional distance; instead, it often involves pity that can actually reduce meaningful connection. Empathy provides closeness while maintaining professional boundaries.
Choice D reason: Sympathy and empathy are not interchangeable. They differ in depth and therapeutic effectiveness, making this statement incorrect.
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