A nurse is teaching a client about the nervous system.
Which of the following neurotransmitters should the nurse include in the teaching as having an inhibitory action?

Serotonin

GABA

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale
Serotonin is indeed an inhibitory neurotransmitter. It helps regulate mood, appetite, and sleep among other things. However, its role in the nervous system is complex and it can also have excitatory effects depending on the specific receptors and neural pathways involved.
Choice B rationale
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It works by decreasing neuronal excitability, which helps to regulate muscle tone, among other functions.
Choice C rationale
Acetylcholine is primarily an excitatory neurotransmitter, although it can have inhibitory effects in certain parts of the nervous system. It plays a key role in muscle activation, learning, and memory.
Choice D rationale
Dopamine can act as both an inhibitory and an excitatory neurotransmitter, depending on the type of receptor it binds to and the specific neural pathway involved. It plays key roles in reward, motivation, and motor control.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
While emotional disorders and acute pain can occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI), they are not considered secondary conditions. These are more immediate and direct results of the injury.
Choice B rationale
Loss of sensation and cognition difficulties are common secondary conditions that can develop after a TBI. These can be due to damage to specific areas of the brain during the injury.
Choice C rationale
Body dysmorphia and neurofibrillary tangles are not typically associated with TBI. Body dysmorphia is a psychological disorder, and neurofibrillary tangles are associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s.
Choice D rationale
Decreased appetite and a lack of sleep can occur after a TBI, but they are more likely to be symptoms rather than secondary conditions. Secondary conditions are typically more long- term and are a result of changes in the brain after the injury.

A. Pulmonary embolus B. Bacterial translocation C. Deep vein thrombosis D. Myocardial infarction

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale
Pulmonary embolus is a serious condition that can occur due to prolonged immobility, but it is not directly related to the timing of enteral nutrition in a client with increased intracranial pressure.

Choice B rationale
Bacterial translocation refers to the migration of bacteria from the gut to other areas of the body. Early enteral nutrition (within 24 to 48 hours) in critically ill patients can help maintain the integrity of the gut mucosa and prevent bacterial translocation. Therefore, starting enteral nutrition within this timeframe can help prevent bacterial translocation.
Choice C rationale
Deep vein thrombosis, like pulmonary embolus, is a risk due to immobility but is not directly related to the timing of enteral nutrition.
Choice D rationale
Myocardial infarction is a cardiac event that could be related to overall cardiovascular health, stress, or specific injury to the cardiac muscle. It is not directly prevented by the initiation of enteral nutrition.

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A nurse is teaching a client about the nervous system. Which of the following neurotransmitters should the nurse include in the teaching as having an inhibitory action?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Which of the following secondary conditions should the nurse anticipate the client might develop?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is planning care for a client who has increased intracranial pressure. The nurse should understand that enteral nutrition should begin within 24 to 48 hr to help prevent which of the following complications?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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A nurse is teaching a client about the nervous system.
Which of the following neurotransmitters should the nurse include in the teaching as having an inhibitory action?