A nurse is teaching a class about administering IV fluids to treat dehydration. The nurse should include in the teaching that which of the following laboratory values indicates effective treatment of dehydration?

A. Urine specific gravity 1.020: While this value indicates concentrated urine and can be useful in assessing dehydration, it doesn’t specifically confirm effective treatment. High urine specific gravity suggests dehydration because the kidneys are conserving water, but it doesn’t directly confirm the effectiveness of treatment.
B. BUN 28 mg/dl (Blood Urea Nitrogen): Elevated BUN levels can be seen in dehydration, but it's not a direct marker of effective treatment. It indicates dehydration due to increased urea concentration in the blood but doesn’t confirm if the treatment has been effective or not.
C. Serum hematocrit 55%: In dehydration, the blood becomes more concentrated due to water loss, causing an increase in hematocrit levels. However, while this value might indicate dehydration initially, it may not specifically confirm the effectiveness of treatment once initiated.
D. Serum osmolarity 310 mOsm: Serum osmolarity measures the concentration of particles in the blood. In dehydration, the blood becomes more concentrated, leading to increased serum osmolarity. When treatment is effective, rehydration occurs, diluting the blood and bringing serum osmolarity back toward normal levels. Therefore, a decrease in serum osmolarity towards the normal range (280-300 mOsm) would indicate effective treatment of dehydration

A. Hydromorphone: This is a potent opioid analgesic and is commonly used for the management of severe pain, especially in cancer patients. It provides strong pain relief and is often used in situations where other pain medications are not sufficient.
B. Aspirin: Aspirin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. While it may be used for pain relief in some situations, it is not typically the first choice for severe pain in pancreatic cancer.
C. Acetaminophen (Caldoler): Acetaminophen is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic. It is not as potent as opioids and may not be sufficient for managing severe pain, especially in the context of advanced cancer.

D. Meloxicam: Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and is not the first-line choice for severe pain, particularly in cancer patients. Opioid analgesics are generally preferred for managing severe pain in cancer.