A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who was hyperventilating during a panic attack.
Which of the following arterial blood gas values should the nurse expect?

pH 7.50 and HCO3 31 mm Hg.

pH 7.30 and HCO3 19 mm Hg.

pH 7.47 and PaCO2 31 mm Hg.

pH 7.32 and PaCO2 50 mm Hg.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The correct answer is: C.

Choice A reason: A pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 31 mm Hg suggest a metabolic alkalosis due to the high bicarbonate level. However, during a panic attack, hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, not metabolic, due to the excessive exhalation of CO2, which is not consistent with this option.

Choice B reason: A pH of 7.30 and HCO3 of 19 mm Hg indicate a metabolic acidosis due to the low bicarbonate level. This is not typically associated with hyperventilation during a panic attack, which usually causes respiratory alkalosis, characterized by a decrease in CO2 levels and an increase in pH.

Choice C reason: A pH of 7.47 and PaCO2 of 31 mm Hg are indicative of respiratory alkalosis, which is expected during hyperventilation as a result of a panic attack. Hyperventilation causes a decrease in carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels, leading to an increase in pH. The normal ranges for arterial blood gases are: pH 7.35-7.45, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, and HCO3 22-26 mEq/L.

Choice D reason: A pH of 7.32 and PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg suggest respiratory acidosis due to the elevated PaCO2 level. This would be more consistent with hypoventilation, which is not the case during a panic attack where hyperventilation occurs.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Bananas are a good source of potassium, and the client's serum potassium level is low (3.1 mEq/L). Including potassium-rich foods like bananas in the diet can help raise the potassium level and prevent hypokalemia, which is a potential side effect of furosemide (a diuretic).

Choice B rationale:

Cheddar cheese is not a suitable choice for a client with low potassium levels. It is not a significant source of potassium and should not be the primary recommendation for addressing hypokalemia.

Choice C rationale:

Cabbage is not a good choice for increasing potassium intake. While it has some potassium, other fruits and vegetables like bananas are much richer sources of this essential electrolyte.

Choice D rationale:

White rice is not a high-potassium food and should not be the first choice for a client with low potassium levels.

A. "I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.”. B. "I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.”. C. "I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”. D. "I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.”. .

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The correct answer is choice C: “I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.”

Here are the rationales for each choice:

Choice A rationale:“I will drink about 34 ounces of fluid every day.” While staying hydrated is important for overall health, this statement does not specifically address a key self-management strategy for emphysema. Adequate fluid intake can help thin mucus, making it easier to expel, but it is not the most critical aspect of managing emphysema.

Choice B rationale:“I will inhale slowly through pursed lips to help me breathe better.” This statement is incorrect because the correct technique is toexhalethrough pursed lips, not inhale. Pursed-lip breathing helps to keep the airways open longer, reduce shortness of breath, and improve the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Choice C rationale:“I will follow a diet high in calories and protein.” This is the correct answer. Emphysema can increase the body’s energy expenditure due to the effort required for breathing. A diet high in calories and protein helps maintain muscle mass and provides the necessary energy to support respiratory function.

Choice D rationale:“I will lie on my stomach to practice abdominal breathing every day.” This statement is not recommended for emphysema management. While abdominal or diaphragmatic breathing can be beneficial, lying on the stomach is not a typical position for practicing this technique. It is usually done while sitting or lying on the back.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who was hyperventilating during a panic attack. Which of the following arterial blood gas values should the nurse expect?

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who was hyperventilating during a panic attack.
Which of the following arterial blood gas values should the nurse expect?