A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has nephrotic syndrome.
Which of the following results should the nurse expect?

Proteinuria.

Hypolipidemia.

Hyperalbuminemia.

Increased hemoglobin.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Proteinuria is the presence of excess protein in the urine, which is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane, leading to loss of protein and other substances in the urine.

Choice B is wrong because hypolipidemia is a low level of lipids in the blood, which is not expected in nephrotic syndrome. On the contrary, nephrotic syndrome causes hyperlipidemia, which is a high level of lipids in the blood, due to increased synthesis and decreased clearance of lipoproteins.

Choice C is wrong because hyperalbuminemia is a high level of albumin in the blood, which is not expected in nephrotic syndrome. On the contrary, nephrotic syndrome causes hypoalbuminemia, which is a low level of albumin in the blood, due to loss of albumin in the urine and decreased synthesis by the liver.

Choice D is wrong because increased hemoglobin is not expected in nephrotic syndrome. On the contrary, nephrotic syndrome can cause anemia, which is a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, due to loss of iron and erythropoietin in the urine and decreased production of red blood cells by the bone marrow.

Normal ranges for proteinuria are less than 150 mg per day or less than 10 mg per deciliter on a random urine sample. Normal ranges for serum lipids are total cholesterol less than 200 mg per deciliter, LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg per deciliter, HDL cholesterol more than 40 mg per deciliter for men and more than 50 mg per deciliter for women, and triglycerides less than 150 mg per

deciliter. Normal ranges for serum albumin are 3.5 to 5.0 grams per deciliter.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is outside of the expected reference range for a 2-week-old infant, which is 30 to 60 breaths per minute. A respiratory rate higher than 60 breaths per minute can indicate respiratory distress or infection.

Choice B is wrong because BP 64/42 mm Hg is within the normal range for a 2-week-old infant, which is 65 to 85/45 to 55 mm Hg.

Choice C is wrong because Axillary temperature 36.6° C (97.9° F) is within the normal range for a 2-week-old infant, which is 36.5 to 37.5° C (97.7 to 99.5° F).

Choice D is wrong because Apical heart rate 124/min is within the normal range for a 2-week-old infant, which is 110 to 160 beats per minute.

A. Tachycardia. B. Nervousness. C. Weight loss. D. Vomiting.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

It occurs because nicotine stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and pleasure. When nicotine intake is stopped, dopamine levels drop and cause anxiety and irritability.

Choice A is wrong because tachycardia, or rapid heart rate, is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. In fact, smoking can increase blood pressure and heart rate, so quitting smoking may lower them.

Choice C is wrong because weight loss is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. On the contrary, weight gain is more likely to occur after quitting smoking, because nicotine suppresses appetite and increases metabolism.

Choice D is wrong because vomiting is not a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. Vomiting may be a side effect of some nicotine replacement therapies, such as patches or gum, but it is not caused by the lack of nicotine itself.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following results should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has nephrotic syndrome.
Which of the following results should the nurse expect?