A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an older adult client who has primary aldosteronism and reports needing to urinate three to four times during the night. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

Decreased magnesium level

Decreased total calcium level

Elevated phosphate level

Elevated sodium level

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Decreased magnesium level: Primary aldosteronism typically affects sodium and potassium balance, but it is less likely to cause significant changes in magnesium levels. Therefore, a decreased magnesium level is not the expected electrolyte imbalance in this condition.

B) Decreased total calcium level: Primary aldosteronism does not primarily affect calcium metabolism. While calcium levels could be influenced indirectly, they are not a primary concern in this disorder. Hence, a decreased total calcium level is not expected.

C) Elevated phosphate level: Phosphate levels are generally not directly influenced by aldosterone. Elevated phosphate levels might be seen in other conditions, but they are not characteristic of primary aldosteronism.

D) Elevated sodium level: Primary aldosteronism leads to excess production of aldosterone, which promotes sodium retention by the kidneys. This retention causes elevated sodium levels, resulting in hypernatremia, and contributes to symptoms like frequent urination due to the body's attempt to excrete excess sodium through increased urine production.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Consume a diet low in cholesterol: A diet low in cholesterol is beneficial for preventing cholelithiasis (gallstones), as high cholesterol levels can contribute to the formation of cholesterol stones in the gallbladder. By reducing dietary cholesterol, the risk of gallstone formation can be minimized.

B) Increase your intake of refined carbohydrates: Increasing the intake of refined carbohydrates can lead to higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, which can promote the formation of gallstones. This dietary change is not recommended for preventing cholelithiasis.

C) Consume a diet high in calories: A high-calorie diet, especially if it leads to obesity, increases the risk of developing gallstones. Obesity is a significant risk factor for cholelithiasis, and a high-calorie diet can contribute to weight gain and the development of gallstones.

D) Reduce your dietary fiber intake: Dietary fiber helps in reducing cholesterol levels by binding bile acids in the intestines, which in turn can prevent the formation of cholesterol gallstones. Reducing fiber intake would be counterproductive and increase the risk of cholelithiasis.

A. Sensorineural deafness B. Maculopapular rash C. Swelling of the parotid glands D. Nuchal rigidity

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Sensorineural deafness
This is a possible complication of mumps but not a symptom indicating the illness stage. It can occur after the infection and does not reflect the active phase of the disease.

B) Maculopapular rash
This type of rash is not typically associated with mumps. It may indicate other viral infections, such as measles or rubella, rather than mumps.

C) Swelling of the parotid glands
Swelling of the parotid glands is a hallmark symptom of the illness stage of mumps. This swelling typically appears a few days after the onset of other symptoms like fever and malaise and signifies the active phase of the infection.

D) Nuchal rigidity
Nuchal rigidity can occur if there is mumps-related meningitis, but it is not a typical sign of the initial illness stage. It indicates potential complications involving the central nervous system.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an older adult client who has primary aldosteronism and reports needing to urinate three to four times during the night. Which of the following electrolyte imbalances should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

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