A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client's most recent Pap smear that indicates moderately abnormal cervical cells were present. Based on the description of the cells, which of the following changes of precancerous cell growth to the client's cervix should the nurse identify?

Hyperplasia

Metaplasia

Malignant

Dysplasia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason:
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which can lead to its enlargement. While hyperplasia can be a response to a stimulus and is not necessarily precancerous, it does not describe the abnormal changes in the shape, size, and organization of mature cells.

Choice B reason:
Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type. This process can be a response to chronic irritation and inflammation, and while it may predispose cells to cancerous changes, it is not in itself a precancerous condition.

Choice C reason:
The term 'malignant' refers to cancerous cells that have the ability to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. The description of the cells as 'moderately abnormal' does not indicate that the cells are malignant but rather that they are showing signs of potentially precancerous changes.

Choice D reason:
Dysplasia refers to the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ. It is characterized by changes in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and structure, particularly when such changes are strongly suggestive of developing neoplasia, or new, abnormal growth. In the context of a Pap smear, dysplasia is indicative of precancerous changes and is the term used to describe the abnormal development of cells on the cervix.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:
While performing range of motion exercises is important for maintaining joint function and preventing stiffness, it is not the first action a nurse should take. Range of motion exercises should only be performed after ensuring that there is no compromise in circulation or nerve function.

Choice B Reason:
Checking capillary refill is the correct first action. This quick test assesses the blood flow to the extremity and can indicate if there is any vascular obstruction. A delayed capillary refill time, which is more than 2 seconds, could signify compromised circulation and necessitate immediate intervention.

Choice C Reason:
Discussing cast care is important for client education and preventing complications such as skin breakdown and infection. However, it is not the first priority. The nurse should first ensure the client's physiological stability before providing education.

Choice D Reason:
Managing pain is a critical component of nursing care, especially for clients with fractures. However, the assessment of circulation takes precedence over pain management. Once it is established that there is no immediate threat to the limb's viability, pain management should be addressed promptly.

A. The coping ability of the client B. The client's bowel sounds C. The patency of the NG tube D. The surgical dressing E. None F. None

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason:
Assessing the coping ability of the client is important, but it is not the immediate priority following abdominal surgery. The nurse must first ensure that the client's physiological needs are met and that there are no immediate postoperative complications.

Choice B reason:
While monitoring bowel sounds can provide valuable information about the return of gastrointestinal function, it is not the most immediate concern postoperatively. The nurse should prioritize assessments that ensure the client's safety and immediate physiological stability.

Choice C reason:
Ensuring the patency of the NG tube is the priority assessment. A patent NG tube is crucial for decompressing the stomach, preventing nausea and vomiting, and reducing the risk of aspiration, which can be life-threatening. It is also essential for the removal of gastric secretions and to prevent abdominal distention, which can compromise the surgical site and lead to complications such as wound dehiscence.

Choice D reason:
Assessing the surgical dressing is important to check for signs of bleeding or infection. However, the patency of the NG tube takes precedence as it is directly related to the client's airway and breathing, which are always the top priorities in postoperative care.

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A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client's most recent Pap smear that indicates moderately abnormal cervical cells were present. Based on the description of the cells, which of the following changes of precancerous cell growth to the client's cervix should the nurse identify?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client who has a cast in place for a fractured tibia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has just returned from the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) with an intravenous (IV) fluid infusion and a nasogastric (NG) tube in place following abdominal surgery. Which of the following data is the priority for the nurse to assess?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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