A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client's most recent Pap smear that indicates moderately abnormal cervical cells were present. Based on the description of the cells, which of the following changes of precancerous cell growth to the client's cervix should the nurse identify?
Hyperplasia
Metaplasia
Malignant
Dysplasia
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason:
Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, which can lead to its enlargement. While hyperplasia can be a response to a stimulus and is not necessarily precancerous, it does not describe the abnormal changes in the shape, size, and organization of mature cells.
Choice B reason:
Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type. This process can be a response to chronic irritation and inflammation, and while it may predispose cells to cancerous changes, it is not in itself a precancerous condition.
Choice C reason:
The term 'malignant' refers to cancerous cells that have the ability to invade and destroy nearby tissue and spread to other parts of the body. The description of the cells as 'moderately abnormal' does not indicate that the cells are malignant but rather that they are showing signs of potentially precancerous changes.
Choice D reason:
Dysplasia refers to the presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ. It is characterized by changes in cell size, shape, uniformity, arrangement, and structure, particularly when such changes are strongly suggestive of developing neoplasia, or new, abnormal growth. In the context of a Pap smear, dysplasia is indicative of precancerous changes and is the term used to describe the abnormal development of cells on the cervix.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Bradycardia, which is a slower than normal heart rate, is not typically associated with diabetes insipidus. Diabetes insipidus primarily affects the kidneys and fluid balance in the body, leading to frequent urination and thirst but not directly affecting heart rate.
Choice B reason:
Moist mucous membranes are not expected in diabetes insipidus. In fact, due to excessive urination, a person with diabetes insipidus is more likely to experience dry mucous membranes from dehydration unless they are adequately hydrating.
Choice C reason:
Urine specific gravity 1.002 is a key finding in diabetes insipidus. This condition is characterized by the excretion of large amounts of dilute urine with low specific gravity. Normal urine specific gravity ranges from 1.005 to 1.030⁴. A value of 1.002 indicates very dilute urine, which is consistent with the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine in diabetes insipidus.
Choice D reason:
Bounding peripheral pulses are not a finding associated with diabetes insipidus. Bounding pulses may be associated with other conditions such as fever, anemia, or hyperthyroidism but not typically with diabetes insipidus.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Alendronate is a bisphosphonate, which is commonly prescribed for Paget's disease of the bone. Bisphosphonates help regulate bone growth and can be a lifelong medication for managing this condition. They work by inhibiting osteoclasts, the cells that break down bone tissue, which helps to normalize the bone remodeling process.
Choice B reason:
Colchicine is used to treat gout and not typically used for Paget's disease. It works by reducing the inflammation caused by uric acid crystals but does not affect the bone remodeling process that is characteristic of Paget's disease.
Choice C reason:
Allopurinol is also used to treat gout by decreasing uric acid production in the body. Like colchicine, it is not used to treat Paget's disease because it does not address the abnormal bone metabolism associated with the condition.
Choice D reason:
Prednisone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation in various conditions. While it may be used in some cases to manage pain and inflammation associated with Paget's disease, it is not a primary treatment for the disease itself and does not regulate bone growth like bisphosphonates do.
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