A nurse is reviewing the history of a client who is pregnant.
Which of the following clinical data indicates the client is at risk for preterm delivery?

Step 1 is to determine the amount of medication needed per dose. The prescription is for 250 mg of metronidazole, but the available tablets are 500 mg each. So, the calculation is 250 mg ÷ 500 mg/tablet. The result is 0.5 tablet per dose.

Choice A rationale: The client’s sodium level is 132 mEq/L, which is below the normal range (136 to 145 mEq/L). This could indicate hyponatremia, which can be caused by excessive vomiting, a common symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum. Hyponatremia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as seizures, coma, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. It’s important for the nurse to monitor the client’s electrolyte levels and provide appropriate interventions, such as intravenous fluid replacement and antiemetic medication for nausea and vomiting.

Choice B rationale: The client’s urine specific gravity is 1.035, which is above the normal range (1.005 to 1.030). This could indicate dehydration, which can occur with excessive vomiting. Dehydration in pregnancy can lead to complications such as preterm labor, low amniotic fluid, inadequate breast milk production, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. It’s important for the nurse to monitor the client’s hydration status and provide appropriate interventions, such as encouraging fluid intake, providing intravenous fluids if necessary, and managing nausea and vomiting.

Choice C rationale: The client’s potassium level is 3.3 mEq/L, which is below the normal range (3.5 to 5 mEq/L). This could indicate hypokalemia, which can also be caused by excessive vomiting. Hypokalemia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as muscle weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. It’s important for the nurse to monitor the client’s electrolyte levels and provide appropriate interventions, such as potassium supplementation and management of nausea and vomiting.

Choice D rationale: The client’s heart rate is 106/min, which is higher than the normal range (60 to 100/min). This could indicate tachycardia, which can be a response to dehydration. Tachycardia in pregnancy can lead to complications such as decreased cardiac output, fetal hypoxia, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. It’s important for the nurse to monitor the client’s vital signs and provide appropriate interventions, such as fluid replacement and rest.

Choice E rationale: The client reports that she has lost weight over the past month. Weight loss during pregnancy, especially when associated with frequent vomiting, can be a sign of hyperemesis gravidarum, a severe form of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to complications such as malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance, and in severe cases, it can be life- threatening. It’s important for the nurse to monitor the client’s weight, nutritional status, and hydration status, and provide appropriate interventions, such as dietary modifications, antiemetic medications, and possibly hospitalization for intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Choice F rationale: The client’s hematocrit (Hct) level is 49%, which is slightly above the normal range (33% to 47%). While this could indicate dehydration, it’s not as specific or concerning as the other findings. Mild elevations in Hct can occur in normal pregnancies due to increased plasma volume. However, the nurse should continue to monitor the client’s Hct levels along with other lab values and clinical symptoms.