A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a newborn who received vitamin K injection at birth.

Which of the following coagulation factors should be activated by vitamin K?

Factor II

Factor V

Factor VIII

Factor XI

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice A. Factor II, also known as prothrombin, is one of the coagulation factors that are activated by vitamin K. Vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid groups in coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.

This process is essential for the activation of these factors in the coagulation cascade.

Choice B is wrong because factor V is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor V is activated by thrombin and acts as a cofactor for factor Xa in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Choice C is wrong because factor VIII is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor VIII is activated by thrombin and acts as a cofactor for factor IXa in the activation of factor X.

Choice D is wrong because factor XI is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor XI is activated by factor XIIa and activates factor IX in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

Normal ranges for coagulation factors are:

• Factor II: 70-120% of normal activity

• Factor V: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor VIII: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor IX: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor X: 70-140% of normal activity

• Factor XI: 70-150% of normal activity

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choice A.Washing hands before and after handling the cord stump can prevent the transmission of bacteria that can cause omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus.

Choice B is wrong because applying petroleum jelly or ointment to the cord stump can delay its drying and increase the risk of infection.

Choice C is wrong because using hydrogen peroxide to clean the cord stump can damage the healthy tissue and delay healing.

Choice D is wrong because folding down the diaper below the cord stump can expose it to urine and feces, which can contaminate it and cause infection.

The normal range for umbilical cord separation is 5 to 15 days after birth.

A. Administer fresh frozen plasma B. Administer packed red blood cells C. Administer intravenous immunoglobulin D. Administer recombinant erythropoietin

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choice A. Administer fresh frozen plasma.This is because fresh frozen plasma contains clotting factors that can help stop the bleeding caused by vitamin K deficiency.Vitamin K is needed for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver, but newborns have low levels of vitamin K and may develop vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) if they do not receive prophylaxis at birth.VKDB can manifest as bleeding in various sites, such as the skin, mucous membranes, umbilicus, gastrointestinal tract, or central nervous system.

Choice B is wrong because packed red blood cells do not contain clotting factors and will not correct the underlying deficiency of vitamin K.

Choice C is wrong because intravenous immunoglobulin is used to treat immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, not vitamin K deficiency.

Choice D is wrong because recombinant erythropoietin is used to stimulate red blood cell production in anemia, not to treat bleeding disorders.

Early-onset VKDB occurs within 24 hours of birth and is associated with maternal use of drugs that interfere with vitamin K metabolism, such as anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, or antituberculosis drugs.

These drugs induce the enzymes that break down vitamin K in the fetal liver

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a newborn who received vitamin K injection at birth. Which of the following coagulation factors should be activated by vitamin K?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is educating a new mother about umbilical cord care and how to prevent omphalitis, sepsis, and tetanus. Which of the following statements by the mother indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a newborn who has early-onset VKDB due to maternal use of anticoagulants during pregnancy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse anticipate for this newborn?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a newborn who received vitamin K injection at birth.

Which of the following coagulation factors should be activated by vitamin K?