A nurse is assessing a newborn who has late-onset VKDB due to exclusive breastfeeding and inadequate oral vitamin K supplementation.

Which of the following findings should indicate a possible intracranial hemorrhage to the nurse?

Bulging fontanelle

Sunken eyes

Mottled skin

Flaring nostrils

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice A. Bulging fontanelle.

A bulging fontanelle is a sign of increased intracranial pressure, which can be caused by intracranial hemorrhage.

Late-onset VKDB is a condition that occurs in infants who have low levels of vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Most cases of late-onset VKDB present with intracranial hemorrhage.

Choice B. Sunken eyes is wrong because it is a sign of dehydration, not intracranial hemorrhage.

Choice C. Mottled skin is wrong because it is a sign of poor circulation or shock, not intracranial hemorrhage.

Choice D. Flaring nostrils is wrong because it is a sign of respiratory distress, not intracranial hemorrhage.

Normal ranges for vitamin K plasma concentrations are 0.2 to 3.2 ng/mL for adults and 0.15 to 1.5 ng/mL for infants.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choice A.Factor II, also known as prothrombin, is one of the coagulation factors that are activated by vitamin K.Vitamin K is a cofactor for the carboxylation of specific glutamic acid groups in coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X.

This process is essential for the activation of these factors in the coagulation cascade.

Choice B is wrong because factor V is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor V is activated by thrombin and acts as a cofactor for factor Xa in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

Choice C is wrong because factor VIII is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor VIII is activated by thrombin and acts as a cofactor for factor IXa in the activation of factor X.

Choice D is wrong because factor XI is not a vitamin K-dependent coagulation factor.

Factor XI is activated by factor XIIa and activates factor IX in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

Normal ranges for coagulation factors are:

• Factor II: 70-120% of normal activity

• Factor V: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor VIII: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor IX: 50-150% of normal activity

• Factor X: 70-140% of normal activity

• Factor XI: 70-150% of normal activity

A. Unprotected sexual contact B. Sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs C. Poor infection control practices in medical settings D. Sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment E. Needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

The correct answer is choice A, B, C, D and E.All of these are possible modes of transmission for hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is a viral infection that attacks the liver and can cause both acute and chronic disease.The virus is most commonly transmitted from mother to child during birth and delivery, as well as through contact with blood or other body fluids during sex with an infected partner, unsafe injections or exposures to sharp instruments.

Choice A is correct because unprotected sexual contact can expose a person to the blood, semen, or vaginal fluids of an infected partner.

Choice B is correct because sharing drugs, needles, or “works” when using drugs can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.

Choice C is correct because poor infection control practices in medical settings can expose a person to contaminated needles or syringes or sharp objects that have been used on an infected person.

Choice D is correct because sharing of blood sugar (diabetes) testing equipment can expose a person to the blood of an infected person.

Choice E is correct because needle sticks or sharps exposures on the job can expose a person to the blood of an infected

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has late-onset VKDB due to exclusive breastfeeding and inadequate oral vitamin K supplementation. Which of the following findings should indicate a possible intracranial hemorrhage to the nurse?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a newborn who received vitamin K injection at birth. Which of the following coagulation factors should be activated by vitamin K?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is educating a group of college students about hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission and prevention. The nurse should emphasize that the most common modes of transmission are which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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A nurse is assessing a newborn who has late-onset VKDB due to exclusive breastfeeding and inadequate oral vitamin K supplementation. Which of the following findings should indicate a possible intracranial hemorrhage to the nurse?

A nurse is assessing a newborn who has late-onset VKDB due to exclusive breastfeeding and inadequate oral vitamin K supplementation.

Which of the following findings should indicate a possible intracranial hemorrhage to the nurse?