A nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. Which of the following ABG results should the nurse anticipate when caring for a client with acidosis?

pH 7.42, PaCO2 48 mm HG, HCO3 25 mEq/L

pH 7.28, PaCO2 63 mm HG, HCO3 22 mEq/L

pH 7.49, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3 35 mEq/L

pH 7.36; PaCO2 42 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This result shows a slightly elevated PaCO2, which could suggest respiratory compensation for a metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis, as the pH is within the normal range.
B.   This result indicates both a low pH and an elevated PaCO2, which are consistent with respiratory acidosis. The low HCO3 also suggests a metabolic acidosis component, making it the best match for a client with acidosis.

C.   The elevated pH indicates alkalosis. The low PaCO2 and high HCO3 further suggest a primary respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation.
D.   These values are within normal limits, indicating neither acidosis nor alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Wheezing in all lung fields may indicate respiratory issues but does not directly support the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume.
B. Pitting edema in bilateral lower extremities is a classic sign of fluid overload, which directly supports the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume.

C. An oral fluid intake of 2000 mL in 24 hours is within normal limits for an adult and does not necessarily indicate Excess Fluid Volume without other symptoms.
D. Significant fatigue for more than one month could be related to a variety of conditions and is too nonspecific to support the diagnosis of Excess Fluid Volume without additional assessment data.

A. Elevated temperature. B. Pursed-lip breathing. C. Clubbing of the fingers. D. Concave chest. E. Dyspnea at rest.

Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Elevated temperature: Elevated temperature is not typically associated with advanced COPD unless there is an underlying infection. Infections such as pneumonia may exacerbate COPD symptoms but are not universal findings in advanced COPD.

B. Pursed-lip breathing: Pursed-lip breathing is a common compensatory mechanism seen in clients with COPD. It helps to slow down the rate of expiration and prevents alveolar collapse, improving gas exchange.

C. Clubbing of the fingers: Clubbing of the fingers is not typically associated with COPD. It is more commonly seen in conditions such as chronic hypoxemia, congenital heart disease, and certain lung diseases like bronchiectasis.

D. Concave chest: In advanced COPD, the chest may appear hyperinflated with a barrel-shaped chest due to air trapping. The presence of a concave chest is not characteristic of COPD.

E. Dyspnea at rest: Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of COPD. In advanced stages, clients may experience dyspnea even at rest due to severe airflow limitation and impaired gas exchange.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. Which of the following ABG results should the nurse anticipate when caring for a client with acidosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]

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