A nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. Which of the following ABG results should the nurse anticipate when caring for a client with acidosis?

pH 7.42, PaCO2 48 mm HG, HCO3 25 mEq/L

pH 7.28, PaCO2 63 mm HG, HCO3 22 mEq/L

pH 7.49, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3 35 mEq/L

pH 7.36; PaCO2 42 mm Hg, HCO3 26 mEq/L

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   This result shows a slightly elevated PaCO2, which could suggest respiratory compensation for a metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis, as the pH is within the normal range.
B.   This result indicates both a low pH and an elevated PaCO2, which are consistent with respiratory acidosis. The low HCO3 also suggests a metabolic acidosis component, making it the best match for a client with acidosis.

C.   The elevated pH indicates alkalosis. The low PaCO2 and high HCO3 further suggest a primary respiratory alkalosis with metabolic compensation.
D.   These values are within normal limits, indicating neither acidosis nor alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

A. Client has increased urine specific gravity: Increased urine specific gravity indicates concentrated urine, which is a hallmark of SIADH and should be reported as it reflects the excessive retention of water.

B. Changes in the client's behavior: Behavioral changes can be indicative of hyponatremia, a serious complication of SIADH, and should be reported immediately.

C. Client is complaining of nausea: Nausea is a symptom of hyponatremia, which is a common and dangerous consequence of SIADH that needs prompt attention.

D. Client is complaining of severe headache: A severe headache can also be a sign of hyponatremia and potential cerebral edema, both of which are critical conditions needing urgent intervention.

E. Client's urine output is only 50 cc/hr: While reduced urine output can be associated with SIADH, 50 cc/hr is not extremely low and might not be immediately alarming on its own. The other symptoms are more critical and should take precedence in reporting to the provider.

A. Joint contractures. B. Peripheral arterial dilation. C. Raynaud's phenomenon. D. Pulmonary fibrosis.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Joint contractures: Joint contractures are a common manifestation of systemic scleroderma, but they are not directly related to altered tissue perfusion. They are more related to skin and tissue fibrosis.

B. Peripheral arterial dilation: Peripheral arterial dilation is not typically associated with systemic scleroderma. Instead, peripheral vasoconstriction, such as in Raynaud's phenomenon, is more common.

C. Raynaud's phenomenon: Raynaud's phenomenon, characterized by episodic vasospasm of small arteries in response to cold or stress, can lead to impaired tissue perfusion, especially in the extremities.

D. Pulmonary fibrosis: Pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of systemic scleroderma that affects lung tissue, but it is not directly related to altered tissue perfusion. It may lead to impaired gas exchange rather than altered perfusion.

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A nurse is reviewing a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results. Which of the following ABG results should the nurse anticipate when caring for a client with acidosis?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who is exhibiting manifestations of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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