A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A Reason:

Discontinuing supplements containing vitamin C 24 hr. before the test is incorrect. While high doses of vitamin C might interfere with the accuracy of some laboratory tests, it typically doesn't impact fecal occult blood testing. However, it's always best to follow specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider or laboratory.

Choice B Reason:

Refraining from consuming pork 7 days before the test. There isn't typically a requirement to avoid specific foods, such as pork, before a fecal occult blood test. The test is designed to detect blood in the stool, regardless of the diet. However, some dietary restrictions might be advised based on specific instructions or conditions, but these are not universally applicable.

Choice C Reason:

Placing a thick layer of stool on the specimen card is incorrect. When collecting a sample for a fecal occult blood test, it's important to follow the specific instructions provided by the healthcare provider or laboratory. Generally, a small portion of stool is applied to the designated area on the specimen card as instructed, rather than applying a thick layer. Applying too much stool can affect the accuracy of the test.

Choice D Reason:

Urinating prior to collecting the stool specimen is correct. This instruction ensures that the urine doesn't contaminate the stool sample, which could potentially affect the accuracy of the test results.

Choice A Reason:

"We can discuss this when you're not feeling overwhelmed." Is incorrect. This response acknowledges the partner's feelings but doesn't directly address their concern about missing social outings. It offers to revisit the topic later, which might be helpful, but it doesn't provide immediate support or suggestions.

Choice B Reason:

"I understand how you feel. I've had a relative go through the same thing." Is incorrect. While expressing empathy is essential, comparing experiences might inadvertently minimize the partner's feelings. Each situation is unique, and the partner might need specific advice or support tailored to their circumstances.

Choice C Reason:

"Have you tried taking your partner with you when you go out?" is incorrect. This response suggests a potential solution by proposing involving the client with Alzheimer's in social outings. However, in advanced stages, this might not always be feasible or suitable due to the nature of the condition. It's essential to be sensitive to the client's needs and abilities.

Choice D Reason:

"Tell me more about your expectations." Is correct. This response invites the partner to share more about their feelings and desires without assuming a solution. It opens a dialogue to understand the partner's concerns and expectations better, allowing the nurse to offer appropriate support or guidance.