A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)
Increased peripheral circulation
Increased saliva production
Increased constipation
Decreased muscle mass
Decreased cough reflex
Correct Answer : C,D,E
Choice A Reason :
Increased peripheral circulation is incorrect. As people age, changes in the cardiovascular system can occur, but increased peripheral circulation isn't a common physiological change. In fact, aging might lead to reduced elasticity in blood vessels, potentially resulting in decreased circulation to some areas.
Choice B Reason:
Increased saliva production is incorrect: Saliva production doesn't usually increase with age. Instead, certain medications, medical conditions, or treatments might impact saliva production. Aging itself doesn't commonly cause an increase in saliva production; in fact, it can decrease due to changes in salivary glands.
Choice C Reason:
Increased constipation is correct. As individuals age, there can be changes in gastrointestinal motility and muscle tone, which can contribute to an increased likelihood of constipation.
Choice D Reason:
Decreased muscle mass is correct. Aging often leads to a natural decline in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which can affect mobility and overall physical function.
Choice E Reason:
Decreased cough reflex is correct. With aging, the cough reflex might become less sensitive or effective, which can impact the ability to clear the airways efficiently.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
This is the correct action. A filter needle should be used when drawing medication from an ampule to prevent glass particles from being aspirated into the syringe and subsequently administered to the patient.
Choice B Reason:
Adding 0.5 ml of diluent to the medication is incorrect. Adding diluent to medication from an ampule is not a standard practice. Ampules usually contain pre-measured doses of medication and are designed for direct withdrawal without dilution. Adding diluent could alter the concentration and effectiveness of the medication.
Choice C Reason:
This is not necessary. Once the ampule is opened, it should be handled with care to avoid contamination, but cleansing the tip with an alcohol swab is not a standard practice since it does not effectively remove glass particles.
Choice D Reason:
This is incorrect. Ampules are not pressurized containers, and injecting air into an ampule is unnecessary and could cause the medication to spill out or create bubbles that interfere with accurate dosing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice AReason:
Encouraging the client to abstain from distracting activities is incorrect. Engaging in distracting activities can actually be beneficial in pain management. It can redirect the client's focus away from the pain, potentially reducing its intensity.
Choice BReason:
Ensuring that the client's room is kept at a cool temperature is incorrect.
While temperature can influence comfort, maintaining a cool room might not directly address or alleviate the client's pain.
Choice C Reason:
Playing music in the client's room is correct. Music therapy is a nonpharmacological intervention that can effectively help in managing pain. Calming or soothing music can distract the client from pain, reduce anxiety, and promote relaxation, potentially reducing the perception of pain.
Choice D Reason:
Keep the client's room well-lit is incorrect. The lighting in the room might not significantly impact pain levels. Some individuals might prefer dim lighting for relaxation, but it might not directly influence pain perception.
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