A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)
Increased peripheral circulation
Increased saliva production
Increased constipation
Decreased muscle mass
Decreased cough reflex
Correct Answer : C,D,E
Choice A Reason :
Increased peripheral circulation is incorrect. As people age, changes in the cardiovascular system can occur, but increased peripheral circulation isn't a common physiological change. In fact, aging might lead to reduced elasticity in blood vessels, potentially resulting in decreased circulation to some areas.
Choice B Reason:
Increased saliva production is incorrect: Saliva production doesn't usually increase with age. Instead, certain medications, medical conditions, or treatments might impact saliva production. Aging itself doesn't commonly cause an increase in saliva production; in fact, it can decrease due to changes in salivary glands.
Choice C Reason:
Increased constipation is correct. As individuals age, there can be changes in gastrointestinal motility and muscle tone, which can contribute to an increased likelihood of constipation.
Choice D Reason:
Decreased muscle mass is correct. Aging often leads to a natural decline in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which can affect mobility and overall physical function.
Choice E Reason:
Decreased cough reflex is correct. With aging, the cough reflex might become less sensitive or effective, which can impact the ability to clear the airways efficiently.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Chicken is incorrect. Chicken is a type of poultry and is a meat product. Lacto-vegetarians do not consume meat, including poultry, as part of their dietary choices.
Choice B Reason:
Clam chowder is incorrect. Clam chowder is a soup typically made with clams and often contains ingredients like broth or cream, which may not align with a lacto-vegetarian diet. It includes seafood, which is excluded in lacto-vegetarian dietary practices.
Choice C Reason:
Tuna fish is incorrect. Tuna fish is a type of seafood and is not consumed in lacto-vegetarian diets. Lacto-vegetarians exclude all types of fish and seafood from their diet and primarily consume dairy products along with plant-based foods.
Given that the client follows a lacto-vegetarian diet, the most appropriate food choice from the options provided would be:
Choice D is Reason:
Cheese is correct. A lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but excludes meat and seafood. Cheese, being a dairy product, aligns with the lacto-vegetarian dietary pattern as it is derived from milk and fits within the dietary preferences of this individual.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Adhesive tape is incorrect. Adhesive tape is commonly used for securing dressings or medical devices, but it may not be the primary supply needed for managing a stage 4 pressure injury. Wound care for a stage 4 pressure injury often involves specialized dressings, cleansing solutions, and applicators rather than adhesive tape alone.
Choice B Reason:
Tongue depressor is incorrect. A tongue depressor is typically used for oral examinations or to apply topical treatments to the mouth. It's not a standard supply for managing a stage 4 pressure injury, which requires specific wound care supplies designed for wound cleaning and dressing application.
Choice C Reason:
Syringe is incorrect. While syringes are versatile tools used in various medical procedures, in the context of managing a stage 4 pressure injury, their primary use might be for administering medications or irrigation solutions rather than being the essential supply for wound care in this specific instance.
For a client with a stage 4 pressure injury, the nurse should obtain supplies that are suitable for wound care. Among the options provided, the most appropriate supply is:
Choice D Reason:
Cotton-tipped applicator is correct. A cotton-tipped applicator can be used for wound cleaning and dressing application for a stage 4 pressure injury. It allows for gentle cleaning of the wound and application of topical treatments while minimizing trauma to the wound area.
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