A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)

Increased peripheral circulation

Increased saliva production

Increased constipation

Decreased muscle mass

Decreased cough reflex

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Choice A Reason :

Increased peripheral circulation is incorrect. As people age, changes in the cardiovascular system can occur, but increased peripheral circulation isn't a common physiological change. In fact, aging might lead to reduced elasticity in blood vessels, potentially resulting in decreased circulation to some areas.

Choice B Reason:

Increased saliva production is incorrect: Saliva production doesn't usually increase with age. Instead, certain medications, medical conditions, or treatments might impact saliva production. Aging itself doesn't commonly cause an increase in saliva production; in fact, it can decrease due to changes in salivary glands.

Choice C Reason:

Increased constipation is correct. As individuals age, there can be changes in gastrointestinal motility and muscle tone, which can contribute to an increased likelihood of constipation.

Choice D Reason:

Decreased muscle mass is correct. Aging often leads to a natural decline in muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia, which can affect mobility and overall physical function.

Choice E Reason:

Decreased cough reflex is correct. With aging, the cough reflex might become less sensitive or effective, which can impact the ability to clear the airways efficiently.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Hyperkalemia is incorrect. Vomiting and diarrhea typically lead to a loss of potassium rather than an increase. These conditions often result in depletion of electrolytes, including potassium, due to the loss of fluids.

Choice B Reason:

Hypocalcemia is correct. While prolonged or severe diarrhea could potentially lead to some electrolyte imbalances, hypocalcemia is not typically a primary finding associated with vomiting and diarrhea. Calcium levels may not be significantly affected by these symptoms compared to sodium and potassium.

Choice C Reason:

Hypermagnesemia is incorrect. Similar to calcium, magnesium levels are not usually significantly impacted by vomiting and diarrhea alone. Hypermagnesemia is more commonly associated with excessive intake of magnesium-containing medications or renal dysfunction rather than acute gastrointestinal symptoms.

In a client experiencing vomiting and diarrhea, the loss of fluids and electrolytes due to these symptoms commonly leads to:

Choice D Reason:

Hyponatremia is correct. Vomiting and diarrhea can cause a loss of sodium and water, leading to decreased sodium levels in the blood, which manifests as hyponatremia. This electrolyte imbalance is a typical finding in individuals experiencing gastrointestinal issues with fluid loss.

A. "I'm sure it's nothing serious and their appetite will return soon." B. "Tell me more about what happens at mealtime." C. "Why do you think they're not eating?" D. "They may need a feeding tube."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"I'm sure it's nothing serious and their appetite will return soon." Is incorrect. This response dismisses the concern without addressing the underlying issue. It might overlook potential reasons for the lack of appetite and could lead to neglecting a serious problem.

Given the concern about the client not eating, the most appropriate response for the nurse to make would be:

Choice B Reason:

"Tell me more about what happens at mealtime." Is correct. This response encourages the child to share specific details about the mealtime routine, any challenges, or reasons behind the lack of eating. It allows the nurse to gather more information, identify potential issues, and offer appropriate guidance or interventions. Understanding the context surrounding the eating habits can help determine the best approach to address the situation effectively.

Choice C Reason:

"Why do you think they're not eating?" is incorrect. While it encourages discussion, this response puts the responsibility on the child to provide explanations that they might not fully understand or be equipped to articulate. It's essential for the nurse to gather information but in a more supportive and guiding manner.

Choice D Reason:

"They may need a feeding tube." Is incorrect. Jumping to a conclusion about a feeding tube without gathering more information or exploring other possibilities could alarm the child unnecessarily. This response could also create unnecessary worry for the child and the family without assessing the situation comprehensively.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who reports vomiting and diarrhea for 2 days. Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A home health nurse is reinforcing teaching about dietary needs with the child of a client. They state, "I don't know what to do because they're not eating." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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