A nurse is reinforcing teaching with an older adult client about the aging process. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following physiological changes are part of the aging process? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A Reason:

Turn the client every 4 hr. is incorrect. While repositioning is crucial for preventing pressure ulcers in immobile patients, turning the client every 4 hours might not directly address the issue of fecal incontinence or skin protection in the perineal area.

Choice B Reason:

Cleanse the perineal area with povidone-iodine solution is incorrect. Povidone-iodine solution might be too harsh for routine perineal care and can potentially irritate the skin. A gentler cleansing solution is typically recommended to avoid further skin irritation.

Choice C Reason:

Apply cornstarch powder to the perineal area is incorrect. Cornstarch powder might exacerbate moisture-related skin issues in the perineal area by creating a damp environment, potentially leading to skin maceration and worsening skin problems. It's not typically recommended for use in managing fecal incontinence.

Choice D Reason:

Place a moisture barrier ointment over the perineal area is correct. Using a moisture barrier ointment can help protect the skin from irritation and breakdown caused by prolonged exposure to fecal matter, reducing the risk of skin breakdown and discomfort.

Choice A Reason:

"I will rinse the contaminants from a bedpan with hot water." Is incorrect. Rinsing contaminants with hot water might not be sufficient for proper disinfection and could potentially contribute to the spread of infection. Proper disinfection methods involve using appropriate cleaning agents or disinfectants.

Choice B Reason:

"I will double-bag a client's linens each day." Is incorrect. While containing soiled linens is important, double-bagging might not necessarily be a standard practice for managing linens unless there's a specific protocol or contamination issue. It might not be directly related to infection control principles.

Choice C Reason:

"I will wear sterile gloves when bathing a client who is incontinent." Is incorrect. Wearing sterile gloves for routine bathing of an incontinent client is not typically necessary. Using clean gloves or standard precautions would generally be appropriate unless there's a specific medical procedure requiring sterile technique.

Choice D Reason:

"I will use disinfectant to clean the blood pressure cuff after use on a client." Is correct. Using a disinfectant to clean equipment, especially after use on a client, is a key infec