A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting digoxin therapy to treat heart failure. The nurse should reinforce with the client that which of the following adverse effects is a possible indication of digoxin toxicity and should be reported to the provider?

Choice A Reason:

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a common adverse effect of morphine. Opioid medications are more likely to cause hypotension (low blood pressure).

Choice B Reason:

Lacrimation (excessive tearing) is not a typical adverse effect of morphine. Opioids can cause dry mouth and decreased tear production.

Choice C Reason:

Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is not a common adverse effect of morphine. Morphine and other opioids are more likely to cause bradycardia (slow heart rate) or a decrease in heart rate.

Choice D Reason:

Urinary retention is an adverse effect associated with opioid medications like morphine. Opioids can cause relaxation of smooth muscles, including those in the urinary bladder, which can lead to difficulty or inability to urinate.

Choice A Reason:

The surgeon is incorrect. Surgeons primarily focus on the surgical procedure itself and the immediate postoperative care related to the surgery. They may not have a direct role in medication management or overall postoperative care beyond the surgical site.

Choice B Reason:

The pharmacist is incorrect. While pharmacists play a vital role in medication management, they typically focus on dispensing medications, providing drug information, and ensuring proper dosages and administration. They may not be directly involved in assessing fall rates or postoperative outcomes.

Choice C Reason:

The case manager is incorrect. Case managers are responsible for coordinating a patient's care and ensuring that it meets their overall healthcare needs. They may not have the expertise or authority to investigate and address specific safety concerns related to medication use and fall rates.

Choice D Reason:

The risk manager is correct. When a nurse identifies an issue related to patient safety, such as an increased fall rate associated with a specific medication like zolpidem, it is important to report these findings to the risk manager. The risk manager is responsible for assessing and addressing issues related to patient safety and quality improvement within the healthcare facility. They can investigate the matter further, collaborate with other members of the healthcare team, and implement necessary changes or protocols to mitigate the risk and improve patient safety. Reporting such findings to the risk manager is a crucial step in ensuring patient safety and quality of care.