A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has schizophrenia and a new prescription for haloperidol. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking which of the following medications?

A. Excoriation. Excoriation (skin abrasion or scratching) does not indicate a positive tuberculin skin test. A positive reaction is determined by induration (firm swelling) rather than skin irritation or superficial damage. Scratching the site can cause redness, but this is not a diagnostic sign of tuberculosis exposure.

B. Firmness. A positive tuberculin skin test is identified by the presence of induration (firm, raised swelling) at the injection site, which is measured in millimeters. The size of induration considered positive depends on the client’s risk factors. For example, ≥5 mm is positive in immunocompromised individuals, ≥10 mm in high-risk populations, and ≥15 mm in individuals with no risk factors.

C. Ulceration. Ulceration is not a typical reaction to a tuberculin skin test. If ulceration occurs, it may indicate improper injection technique, irritation, or an allergic reaction, rather than a true positive result. The test should be repeated in such cases.

D. Bleeding. Minor pinpoint bleeding at the injection site may occur due to the needle puncture but does not indicate a positive result. The key indicator of a positive test is the presence of measurable induration, not redness, bruising, or bleeding.

A. Oatmeal. Oatmeal is a healthy carbohydrate and fiber source, but it is not a significant source of potassium, which is essential for clients taking furosemide. While beneficial for overall health, oatmeal will not help counteract potassium loss caused by diuretic therapy.

B. Baked potatoes. Baked potatoes are rich in potassium, which is frequently lost due to furosemide’s potassium-wasting effects. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urine output and depletes electrolytes, particularly potassium, which can lead to hypokalemia (low potassium levels). To help maintain electrolyte balance, clients should consume potassium-rich foods like potatoes, bananas, oranges, and spinach.

C. Brown rice. Brown rice is a good source of fiber and complex carbohydrates, but it contains only small amounts of potassium. While it provides sustained energy, it does not significantly contribute to potassium replacement, making it less beneficial for clients on furosemide.

D. Eggs. Eggs are high in protein and essential nutrients but are not a significant source of potassium. While eggs are beneficial for overall health, they do not help replenish potassium lost due to diuretic therapy.