A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal. The nurse should anticipate administering which of the following medications to the client to facilitate the withdrawal process?
Varenicline
Diazepam
Clonidine
Methadone
The Correct Answer is B
A. Varenicline. Varenicline is used to aid smoking cessation by reducing nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms. It does not have a role in managing acute alcohol withdrawal and would not be effective in preventing withdrawal-related complications.
B. Diazepam. Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, is commonly used to manage acute alcohol withdrawal by preventing seizures, reducing agitation, and alleviating autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., tachycardia, hypertension). It enhances GABA activity, which helps counteract the excitatory effects of alcohol withdrawal, reducing the risk of delirium tremens (DTs).
C. Clonidine. Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist that helps control autonomic symptoms such as elevated blood pressure and heart rate. While it may be used as an adjunct therapy, it does not prevent seizures or delirium, making it insufficient as a primary treatment for alcohol withdrawal.
D. Methadone. Methadone is used for opioid withdrawal and maintenance therapy in opioid dependence. It does not alleviate alcohol withdrawal symptoms or prevent complications such as seizures or delirium, making it inappropriate for this condition.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Glucosamine. Glucosamine is a supplement used to support joint health, particularly in osteoarthritis. It does not have significant interactions with digoxin and is not known to affect cardiac function or digoxin metabolism, making it safe to use concurrently.
B. Garlic. Garlic has blood-thinning properties and may mildly lower blood pressure, but it does not directly interfere with digoxin metabolism. However, clients on anticoagulants or blood pressure medications should use garlic cautiously due to its potential to enhance their effects.
C. St. John's wort. St. John’s wort induces liver enzymes that can increase the metabolism of many medications, including digoxin. This can lead to decreased digoxin levels, reducing its effectiveness and increasing the risk of uncontrolled heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Clients taking digoxin should avoid St. John’s wort to maintain therapeutic drug levels.
D. Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba is primarily used to enhance cognitive function and circulation. While it has mild blood-thinning effects, it does not significantly impact digoxin metabolism. However, caution is advised in clients taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications to avoid an increased risk of bleeding.
Correct Answer is ["1"]
Explanation
Convert pounds to kilograms:
Conversion factor: 1 kg = 2.2 lb
=145 lb / 2.2 lb/kg
= 65.9 kg
Calculate the total daily dose:
Total daily dose (mg) = Weight (kg) × Dosage (mg/kg/day)
= 65.9 kg 3 mg/kg/day
= 197.7 mg/day
Calculate the dose per administration (divided into two doses):
Dose per administration (mg) = Total daily dose (mg) / Number of doses
=197.7 mg/day / 2 doses
= 98.85 mg/dose
Calculate the number of tablets per dose:
Number of tablets = Desired dose (mg) / Available dose (mg/tablet)
=98.85 mg/dose / 100 mg/tablet
= 0.9885 tablets
Round to the nearest whole number:
0.9885 tablets is 1 tablet
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