A nurse is reinforcing teaching about warfarin with a client who has a new onset of atrial fibrillation. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Warfarin dissolves clots in the bloodstream."

"This medication slows the response of the ventricles to the fast atrial impulses."

"Warfarin helps prevent strokes in clients who have atrial fibrillation."

"This medication will help maintain a normal heart rhythm."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason : The statement that warfarin dissolves clots in the bloodstream is incorrect. Warfarin does not dissolve existing clots. Instead, it is an anticoagulant that works by decreasing the production of certain clotting factors in the blood, which helps prevent the formation of new clots.

Choice B reason : This statement is not accurate regarding the action of warfarin. Warfarin does not affect the electrical impulses of the heart. Medications that slow the response of the ventricles to fast atrial impulses are typically antiarrhythmic drugs, not anticoagulants like warfarin.

Choice C reason : This is the correct statement. Warfarin is prescribed for clients with atrial fibrillation to reduce the risk of stroke. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of forming blood clots in the heart, which can then travel to the brain, causing a stroke. Warfarin's anticoagulant effect helps to prevent these clots from forming.

Choice D reason : Warfarin does not help maintain a normal heart rhythm. It is not an antiarrhythmic drug but an anticoagulant. The purpose of warfarin in atrial fibrillation is to prevent stroke by reducing the risk of clot formation, not to correct the heart rhythm.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason: Walking is a highly beneficial activity for individuals with peripheral vascular disease (PVD). It helps improve circulation, which can be compromised in PVD due to narrowed or blocked blood vessels. Regular walking can lead to the development of collateral circulation, which is the formation of new blood vessels that bypass the blockages and improve blood flow to the affected areas. This can help alleviate symptoms such as pain and cramping during walking, known as claudication. Walking should be done at a pace that is comfortable and should be stopped if pain occurs. Over time, walking can increase the distance a person with PVD can walk without pain.

Choice B reason: Compression stockings are often recommended for individuals with PVD to help improve blood flow. Knee-length stockings exert pressure on the lower legs, helping to reduce edema and discomfort associated with PVD. They can also help prevent deep vein thrombosis, a potential complication of PVD.

Choice C reason: Elevating the legs can help reduce swelling and improve venous return in clients with PVD. It is recommended to elevate the legs above the level of the heart to maximize the effect. This can be done by placing pillows under the legs while lying down.

Choice D reason: Shopping for shoes in the morning is advised because feet can swell throughout the day, especially in clients with PVD. Fitting shoes in the morning can help ensure a more accurate fit, reducing the risk of pressure points that could lead to skin breakdown and ulcers.

A. Have the laboratory draw a blood sample for an erythrocyte sedimentation rate B. Obtain a 12-lead ECG C. Administer potassium gluconate 40 mEq orally D. Restrict fluid intake

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason : An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) test is not directly related to high serum potassium levels and would not be the immediate action in response to hyperkalemia.

Choice B reason : Obtaining a 12-lead ECG is a critical step when hyperkalemia is suspected because high potassium levels can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. An ECG can quickly reveal characteristic changes associated with hyperkalemia, allowing for prompt treatment.

Choice C reason : Administering potassium gluconate would be contraindicated in a patient with hyperkalemia, as it would further increase the serum potassium levels, potentially leading to severe complications.

Choice D reason : Restricting fluid intake is not a standard treatment for hyperkalemia. The management of hyperkalemia may include medications or procedures that promote the excretion of potassium or move potassium from the blood into the cells.

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A nurse is reinforcing teaching about warfarin with a client who has a new onset of atrial fibrillation. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has peripheral vascular disease. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values for a client who takes spironolactone and notes that the client's serum potassium level is 6.8 mEq/L. The nurse notifies the provider and anticipates that the provider will provide which of the following instructions?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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