A nurse is reinforcing teaching about HbA1c with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Which of the following information should the nurse include?
An HbA1c value greater than 8% indicates diabetic control of blood sugar.
The HbA1c value is altered by eating habits the day before the test.
The HbA1c value determines long-term blood glucose control for the past 120 days.
An HbA1c test is performed once per year.
The Correct Answer is C
The HbA1c value determines long-term blood glucose control for the past 120 days. This is because the HbA1c test measures what percentage of hemoglobin proteins in your blood are coated with sugar (glycated). Hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells live for around 120 days, so the test reflects your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months.
Choice A is wrong because an HbA1c value greater than 8% indicates poor diabetic control of blood sugar. The HbA1c target for most people with type 1 diabetes is 48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%) or lower.
Choice B is wrong because the HbA1c value is not altered by eating habits the day before the test. The test does not require fasting and can be done at any time of the day.
Choice D is wrong because an HbA1c test should be performed more than once per year.
The frequency of the test depends on the type of diabetes, your treatment plan and your blood sugar level. For example, you may need the test twice a year if you have good blood sugar control, or four times a year if you take insulin or have trouble keeping your blood sugar level within your target range.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The HbA1c value determines long-term blood glucose control for the past 120 days. This is because the HbA1c test measures what percentage of hemoglobin proteins in your blood are coated with sugar (glycated). Hemoglobin proteins in red blood cells live for around 120 days, so the test reflects your average blood sugar level for the past two to three months.
Choice A is wrong because an HbA1c value greater than 8% indicates poor diabetic control of blood sugar. The HbA1c target for most people with type 1 diabetes is 48 mmol/mol (or 6.5%) or lower.
Choice B is wrong because the HbA1c value is not altered by eating habits the day before the test. The test does not require fasting and can be done at any time of the day.
Choice D is wrong because an HbA1c test should be performed more than once per year.
The frequency of the test depends on the type of diabetes, your treatment plan and your blood sugar level. For example, you may need the test twice a year if you have good blood sugar control, or four times a year if you take insulin or have trouble keeping your blood sugar level within your target range.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A client who is 1 day postpartum and has not voided in 8 hr. This client is at risk of urinary retention, bladder distension, and infection due to the effects of epidural anesthesia, perineal trauma, and fluid shifts after delivery. The nurse should assess the client’s bladder and catheterize if necessary.
Choice A is wrong because a client who is 2 days postpartum and whose fundus is 2 to 4 cm below the umbilicus is showing a normal finding.
The fundus should descend about 1 to 2 cm per day after delivery and be nonpalpable by day 10.
Choice B is wrong because a client who is 3 days postpartum and has not had a bowel movement since prior to admission is not uncommon.
Constipation is a common problem after delivery due to decreased peristalsis, dehydration, and fear of pain.
The nurse should encourage fluid intake, fiber intake, and early ambulation to promote bowel function.
Choice C is wrong because a client who is 4 days postpartum and has lochia serosa is also showing a normal finding.
Lochia serosa is the pinkish-brown discharge that occurs from day 4 to 10 after delivery.
It consists of old blood, serum, leukocytes, and tissue debris.
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