A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who had an above-the-knee amputation and has a prosthesis. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse include?

A. "I will take a stool softener to prevent constipation.": Clients who have undergone laser surgery for open-angle glaucoma are advised to avoid straining during bowel movements because increased intraocular pressure from straining can compromise the surgical site. Taking a stool softener is an appropriate preventive measure that supports healing.

B. "I will ask to work the night shift, so I will not be driving in bright sunlight.": While protecting the eyes from bright light is generally advisable, there is no recommendation to change work shifts after glaucoma laser surgery.

C. "I will need to use my eye drops for 1 year.": The duration of postoperative eye drop use varies depending on the type of drops and the client’s response. Not all clients require drops for a full year; this generalized timeframe may be inaccurate.

D. "I will need to follow a low-protein diet.": Dietary protein intake is not typically restricted following laser surgery for glaucoma. This statement does not reflect relevant postoperative teaching.

A. FACES: The FACES pain scale uses facial expressions that correspond to numeric ratings, but it is designed for children who are typically 3 years of age or older and can cognitively associate faces with levels of pain. Infants cannot reliably use this tool because they lack the developmental ability to self-report.

B. FLACC: The FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is validated for assessing pain in infants and young children who cannot verbally communicate. It evaluates observable behaviors such as facial grimacing, limb movement, activity level, crying, and consolability, providing an objective measure of pain intensity in nonverbal populations.

C. Oucher: The Oucher scale is a self-report tool that uses photographs of children’s faces to represent pain intensity, appropriate for children around 3 to 12 years old. Infants cannot use this scale reliably because they cannot interpret or select images to indicate their pain level.

D. Visual analog: The visual analog scale requires the child or adult to mark a point along a line to represent pain intensity. It relies on abstract reasoning and self-reporting and is not suitable for infants or nonverbal children, as they cannot understand or accurately use this method.