A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to undergo a cardiac catheterization. Which of the following findings is expected during the procedure?
Sensation of skin warmth
Increased salivation
Numbness and tingling of the extremities
Headache
The Correct Answer is A
A. Sensation of skin warmth. A warm or flushed sensation is common during cardiac catheterization, especially when contrast dye is injected. This is a normal and temporary response to the dye used in the procedure.
B. Increased salivation. Increased salivation is not a typical reaction during cardiac catheterization. It is not associated with the administration of contrast dye or catheter manipulation.
C. Numbness and tingling of the extremities. Numbness or tingling may indicate compromised circulation or nerve involvement, which is abnormal and should be reported immediately. It may suggest complications like arterial spasm or clot.
D. Headache. Headaches are not expected during a cardiac catheterization. If a headache occurs, especially a severe one, it should be evaluated further, as it could indicate a reaction or another complication.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Arrange for an ethics committee meeting to address the family's concerns. An ethics committee can provide guidance in situations where there is conflict between advance directives and family wishes. This supports ethical decision-making while honoring the client’s autonomy and legal rights.
B. Complete an incident report. An incident report is used for errors or unusual events, not ethical dilemmas or conflicts over advance directives. It is not appropriate in this scenario.
C. Support the family's decision and initiate life-sustaining measures. The nurse is legally and ethically bound to follow the client’s advance directives, not the family’s wishes, especially when the client’s decisions are documented and clear.
D. Encourage the family to contact an attorney. While families have legal rights, referring them directly to an attorney does not address the immediate ethical issue or facilitate collaborative resolution in the care setting.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Platelet count. While important for evaluating bleeding risk, platelet count is not directly used to adjust or determine daily warfarin dosing. Warfarin affects the coagulation cascade, not platelet function.
B. aPTT. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin. It assesses the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and is not sensitive to warfarin’s effects on the clotting factors.
C. Fibrinogen level. Fibrinogen is involved in clot formation, but its measurement is not part of routine warfarin management. It is more relevant in evaluating bleeding disorders or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
D. INR. The international normalized ratio (INR) is the primary lab value used to monitor the effectiveness and safety of warfarin therapy. It helps guide daily dosing by reflecting how long it takes blood to clot, with therapeutic ranges typically between 2.0 and 3.0 for most conditions.
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