A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has the communicable disease tuberculosis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will remain in the hospital until my treatment is completed."

"I will wear a surgical mask around my family."

"I will need medication to treat my condition for the rest of my life."

"I will need to provide a sputum specimen every 4 weeks until I test negative."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) "I will remain in the hospital until my treatment is completed.": Hospitalization is not typically required for the entire duration of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Most patients with TB can continue their treatment at home with proper medication and infection control measures, unless they have severe disease or complications.

B) "I will wear a surgical mask around my family.": A surgical mask is not sufficient to protect others from TB. Patients with active TB should wear an N95 respirator mask to reduce the risk of spreading the infection, especially in situations where close contact is unavoidable.

C) "I will need medication to treat my condition for the rest of my life.": TB treatment generally involves a course of medication lasting 6 to 9 months. Long-term, lifelong medication is not required; however, adherence to the full course of prescribed antibiotics is crucial to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.

D) "I will need to provide a sputum specimen every 4 weeks until I test negative.": Monitoring sputum samples every 4 weeks is a standard practice to assess the effectiveness of TB treatment and confirm that the patient is no longer infectious. This statement indicates an understanding of the ongoing evaluation needed during treatment.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Hyperreflexia:
Hyperreflexia is typically associated with low calcium levels (hypocalcemia), not elevated levels. An elevated calcium level often results in reduced neuromuscular excitability, leading to diminished reflexes rather than heightened ones.

B) Diarrhea:
Elevated calcium levels are more likely to cause constipation rather than diarrhea. Hypercalcemia often slows gastrointestinal motility, which can lead to decreased bowel movements and constipation.

C) Muscle twitching:
Muscle twitching is generally a symptom of hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia. Elevated calcium levels tend to depress neuromuscular activity, making muscle twitching less likely.

D) Lethargy:
Lethargy is a common symptom of hypercalcemia. High calcium levels can depress the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, confusion, and lethargy. This makes lethargy a likely finding in a client with an elevated total calcium level.

A. Antimicrobial medication can decrease the severity of symptoms. B. Postherpetic nerve pain can occur in older adult clients. C. Lesions often occur inside the oral cavity of clients who have this infection. D. Cellulitis is a common manifestation in clients who have this infection.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Antimicrobial medication can decrease the severity of symptoms.: Antiviral medications, rather than antimicrobial ones, are used to reduce the severity and duration of herpes zoster (shingles). They work best when started within 72 hours of the rash appearing.

B. Postherpetic nerve pain can occur in older adult clients.: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common complication of herpes zoster, especially in older adults. It is characterized by persistent pain in the area where the shingles rash occurred.

C. Lesions often occur inside the oral cavity of clients who have this infection.: Herpes zoster typically causes a painful rash that appears on one side of the body, often in a band or strip, rather than inside the oral cavity. Oral lesions are more characteristic of herpes simplex virus infections.

D. Cellulitis is a common manifestation in clients who have this infection.: Cellulitis is not a typical manifestation of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is characterized by a vesicular rash and pain along a dermatomal distribution, not by cellulitis.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has the communicable disease tuberculosis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

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