A nurse is providing teaching to a client about interventions to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse the need for further teaching?

"Increasing my intake of foods containing trans-fatty acids can lower my risk."

"Adding foods containing omega-3 fatty acids to my diet can lower my risk."

"A weight loss program can decrease my LDL cholesterol level."

"Exercising regularly will increase HDL cholesterol levels."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Increasing my intake of foods containing trans-fatty acids can lower my risk." - This statement is incorrect. Trans-fatty acids are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The client should be advised to reduce or eliminate the consumption of foods containing trans fats.

B. "Adding foods containing omega-3 fatty acids to my diet can lower my risk." - This statement is correct. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and certain plant sources, have been associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.

C. "A weight loss program can decrease my LDL cholesterol level." - This statement is correct. Weight loss, especially in the context of a healthy diet and regular exercise, can contribute to a decrease in LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels.

D. "Exercising regularly will increase HDL cholesterol levels." - This statement is correct. Regular exercise is associated with an increase in HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which is considered beneficial for heart health.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Correct answer: C

A. Bumetanide 1 mg IV bolus every 12 hr is a loop diuretic used to help reduce fluid overload and manage heart failure symptoms. This medication helps remove excess fluid from the body and can be beneficial for a client with acute heart failure following an MI.

B. Laboratory testing of serum potassium upon admission: It is common to monitor serum potassium levels in patients receiving diuretics, especially loop diuretics, to prevent electrolyte imbalances.

C.Administering 0.9% normal saline IV at a continuous rate can potentially exacerbate heart failure by increasing fluid volume, leading to fluid overload and worsening symptoms. In acute heart failure, fluid management is critical, and fluids are typically restricted to prevent further strain on the heart.

D. Morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus every 2 hr PRN pain: Morphine sulfate is prescribed for pain management and is commonly used in acute heart failure situations to relieve anxiety and decrease preload on the heart. The dosing frequency is appropriate as "every 2 hr PRN" indicates it should be administered as needed for pain relief.

A. A friction rub B. A split second heart sound S₂ C. The third heart sound (S3) D. The fourth heart sound (S4)

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. A friction rub:A friction rub is a sound caused by the rubbing of inflamed pericardial layers and is not classified as a heart sound like S1 or S2. It is unrelated to the sequence of heart sounds.

B. A split second heart sound S₂:A split S₂ occurs during the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves and is heard after S1, not before.

C. The third heart sound (S3):S3, or the ventricular gallop, occurs shortly after S2 during early diastole and indicates rapid ventricular filling. It is not heard before S1.

D. The fourth heart sound (S4):S4, known as the "atrial gallop," occurs just before S1 during atrial contraction. It is associated with a stiff or hypertrophied ventricle and is often indicative of underlying heart disease, especially in older adults.

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A nurse is providing teaching to a client about interventions to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse the need for further teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is admitting a client who has acute heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). The nurse recognizes that which of the following prescriptions by the provider requires clarification?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is auscultating a client's heart sounds and hears an extra heart sound before what should be considered the first heart sound S1. The nurse should document this finding as which of the following heart sounds?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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