A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 3 HIV disease (AIDS). Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

"I will rinse raw fruits with water before eating them"

“I will wear gloves while changing the kitty litter box"

"I will wear a N95 mask when around sick family members"

“I will cook vegetables before eating them"

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   While rinsing fruits is good practice, it may not fully eliminate the risk of pathogens, especially for someone with a compromised immune system.
B.   This statement is the best indication of understanding how to prevent infections. Changing kitty litter can expose the client to Toxoplasma gondii, which is particularly risky for immunocompromised individuals. Wearing gloves is a direct and effective precaution.
C.   Although wearing an N95 mask can be appropriate in certain situations, it may not be necessary for all interactions with sick family members. A standard surgical mask is often sufficient.
D.   Cooking vegetables is a good practice for food safety, especially for immunocompromised individuals, but this statement is more general than specifically addressing a particular risk.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Epoetin Alfa is typically used to treat anemia, and it is often indicated when hemoglobin (Hgb) levels are below 11 g/dL. Therefore, if the Hgb is less than 11, it would be appropriate to administer the medication to help increase red blood cell production.
B. Do not hold. An activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of 120 seconds indicates a prolonged coagulation time, which increases the risk of bleeding. However, Epoetin Alfa does not have a direct impact on coagulation, so this value alone would not warrant holding the medication.
C. Epoetin Alfa is generally not indicated if the Hgb level is already above 11 g/dL, particularly if there’s a risk of increasing the Hgb above the recommended therapeutic range (often above 12 g/dL). If the Hgb exceeds this level, the medication should be held to prevent complications such as thromboembolic events.
D. A PT/INR of 3.5 indicates a significantly prolonged prothrombin time, suggesting a high risk of bleeding. However, Epoetin Alfa does not directly cause bleeding.

A. Instructing the client to wash minor wounds carefully B. Assessing vaccination records for booster shot needs C. Teaching hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microbes D. Encouraging the client to eat a nutritious diet

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Proper wound care is essential in preventing infections, particularly in older adults who may have thinner skin and slower healing processes. However, while this is important, it is just one aspect of a comprehensive infection prevention strategy and does not address broader systemic issues.
B. Older adults are often at higher risk for infections due to waning immunity. Regular vaccinations, such as the flu vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine, and others, can significantly reduce the risk of serious infections. This action is critical but is part of a preventive framework rather than a standalone solution.
C. Hand hygiene is one of the most effective measures to prevent the transmission of infections. Educating clients about proper handwashing techniques and when to wash their hands can significantly reduce the risk of infections, especially in older adults who may be more susceptible due to age-related immune changes.
D. Nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and supporting the immune system. A well- balanced diet can help older adults fight infections more effectively. However, while important, diet alone may not be as immediately impactful in preventing infections as other measures like hand hygiene and vaccination.

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A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 3 HIV disease (AIDS). Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Your cancer patient has bone marrow suppression from their chemotherapy treatments, and is scheduled to receive Epoetin Alfa shots 3 times per week. Which of the following lab values would cause you to hold the administration of the medication for safety concerns?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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