The nurse is teaching an elderly client the risks of infection for older adults. Which of the following factors would the nurse include in the education? (Select all that apply.)

Show expected changes in white blood cell counts.

Skin tests for tuberculosis may be falsely negative.

Should receive influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccinations.

Higher risk for respiratory tract and genitourinary infections.

Booster vaccinations are not likely needed as one ages.

May not have a fever with severe infection.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D,F

A.   Aging can lead to changes in immune function, including alterations in white blood cell counts. While absolute counts may not be drastically lower, the immune response may be less effective. This is important information as it helps the patient understand their altered immune status and potential infection risks.
B.   Older adults may have a diminished immune response, which can lead to false-negative results in tuberculosis skin tests (e.g., PPD test). This is crucial information, as it can affect diagnosis and treatment decisions, highlighting the need for alternative screening methods.
C.   Vaccinations are critical for older adults to help prevent infections. Influenza, pneumococcal, and shingles vaccines can significantly reduce the risk of these infections, which are more severe in the elderly. This is an essential component of their health maintenance.
D.   Older adults are at increased risk for respiratory tract infections (like pneumonia) and genitourinary infections (like urinary tract infections) due to factors such as comorbidities and changes in immune function. Educating clients about these risks helps them recognize symptoms and seek timely care.
E.   Older adults often require booster vaccinations to maintain immunity, as their immune response may diminish over time. This misinformation could lead to increased susceptibility to vaccine-preventable diseases.
F.   It is common for elderly individuals to present with atypical signs of infection, including the absence of fever even in severe cases. This is important for both the patient and caregivers to understand, as it may lead to delayed recognition and treatment of infections.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While patients with latent TB may be treated to prevent progression to active TB, the treatment duration is generally shorter—typically around 3 to 9 months, depending on the medication regimen (e.g., isoniazid for 9 months or rifampin for 4 months).
B. Individuals with latent TB will usually test positive on a Mantoux test (also known as a tuberculin skin test), indicating they have been exposed to the TB bacteria. However, those with latent TB do not have active disease and may not have symptoms.
C. Individuals with latent TB do not spread the bacteria to others because the infection is contained and does not cause active disease. Only those with active TB can transmit the bacteria, regardless of sputum test results.
D. Patients with latent TB are not contagious and cannot spread the bacteria to others. The bacteria remain inactive in the body, and only a small percentage of these individuals may develop active TB in the future.

A. "I will add high-protein foods or finger foods to my diet" B. 1 will drink up to 1 liter of liquid each day" C. "I will be sure to eat three large meals daily" D. "I will choose a diet high in fat to help gain weight"

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. This statement indicates a good understanding of nutritional needs. High-protein foods are essential for maintaining muscle mass and supporting immune function, particularly for individuals with HIV. Finger foods can also help if the client has a reduced appetite or difficulty with larger meals.
B. While hydration is important, 1 liter may not be sufficient for overall health, especially if the client is experiencing weight loss or other symptoms of dehydration. The nurse would typically recommend a higher intake, considering fluid needs can vary based on activity level and overall health.
C. This statement may not be optimal for weight gain. For someone struggling with weight maintenance, smaller, more frequent meals may be more beneficial than three large meals. Large meals might lead to fullness and decrease overall caloric intake, which can hinder weight gain efforts.
D. While fats can provide a high caloric density, a diet excessively high in unhealthy fats is not ideal. It’s important to focus on healthy fats (like avocados, nuts, and olive oil) rather than just increasing fat intake indiscriminately.

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The nurse is teaching an elderly client the risks of infection for older adults. Which of the following factors would the nurse include in the education? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

As a nurse, you understand that when patients have latent TB:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has stage 2 HIV disease and is having difficulty maintaining normal weight. Which of the following statements by the client should indicate to the nurse an understanding of the teaching?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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