A nurse is providing teaching about albuterol to a parent of a school-age child who has asthma. The nurse should instruct the parent to monitor for which of the following findings as adverse effects of albuterol? (Select all that apply.)

Headache

Hypotension

Hyperactivity

Decreased pulse rate

Tremors

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,E

A) Headache:
Headache is a common adverse effect of albuterol due to its action on the central nervous system. The medication can cause vasodilation and changes in blood flow, leading to headaches. Parents should be aware of this potential side effect and manage it accordingly.

B) Hypotension:
Hypotension is not a typical adverse effect of albuterol. Albuterol primarily acts as a beta-2 agonist, leading to bronchodilation and some cardiovascular effects, but it generally does not cause a drop in blood pressure. Instead, it may occasionally increase blood pressure in some individuals.

C) Hyperactivity:
Hyperactivity is a known side effect of albuterol, especially in children. This occurs due to the stimulant effects of the medication on the central nervous system, leading to increased restlessness and activity levels. Parents should monitor their child's behavior for signs of increased hyperactivity.

D) Decreased pulse rate:
Decreased pulse rate (bradycardia) is not associated with albuterol use. Albuterol tends to cause tachycardia, an increased heart rate, due to its beta-adrenergic stimulating effects. Monitoring the pulse rate is essential, but a decreased rate is not a typical concern with this medication.

E) Tremors:
Tremors are a common adverse effect of albuterol, resulting from the stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors in the muscles. This can cause muscle shaking or jitteriness, particularly in the hands. Parents should be informed about this possible side effect and observe their child for signs of tremors.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Herpes zoster
This condition, also known as shingles, is characterized by a painful, blistering rash that follows a nerve path. It typically presents as grouped vesicles rather than generalized edema and erythema, making it unlikely in this case.

B) Dermatophytosis
Commonly known as ringworm, this fungal infection usually causes a scaly, ring-shaped rash. It does not typically present with significant edema or erythema as seen with cellulitis, and tenderness is less common.

C) Contact dermatitis
This allergic or irritant reaction usually causes itching, redness, and rash after contact with a substance. While it can cause erythema and pain, it is less likely to cause the significant edema and tenderness observed in cellulitis.

D) Cellulitis
Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection characterized by edema, erythema, tenderness, and pain. These symptoms align with the nurse’s findings, indicating an inflammatory response in the deeper layers of the skin, often requiring antibiotic treatment.

A. Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L B. Serum pH 7.32 C. Creatinine 1.2 mg/dL D. BUN 20 mg/dL

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L: A bicarbonate level of 26 mEq/L is within the normal range (22-28 mEq/L) and does not indicate metabolic acidosis, which is characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In DKA, bicarbonate levels are usually decreased due to buffering of the excess acids.

B) Serum pH 7.32: A serum pH of 7.32 is indicative of acidemia, which is consistent with metabolic acidosis seen in DKA. The pH is typically lower than the normal range (7.35-7.45) in DKA due to the accumulation of ketoacids.

C) Creatinine 1.2 mg/dL: A creatinine level of 1.2 mg/dL is slightly elevated but does not specifically indicate metabolic acidosis. Elevated creatinine may suggest renal impairment but is not directly linked to the acid-base disturbance seen in DKA.

D) BUN 20 mg/dL: A blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 20 mg/dL is elevated and may indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction but does not specifically diagnose the acid-base imbalance associated with DKA. In DKA, bicarbonate and pH levels are more directly affected.

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A nurse is providing teaching about albuterol to a parent of a school-age child who has asthma. The nurse should instruct the parent to monitor for which of the following findings as adverse effects of albuterol? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

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Explanation

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