A nurse is caring for a client who has the communicable disease influenza. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse take?

Double-bag the client's trash before removing it from the room.

Place the client in a negative air pressure room with 6 to 12 air exchanges per hour.

Ensure all air in the client's room is filtered through a HEPA filter.

Wear a surgical mask when within 1 m (3 ft) of the client.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A) Double-bag the client's trash before removing it from the room: While double-bagging is a precaution used in certain infections to prevent contamination, it is not necessary for influenza. Influenza spreads via respiratory droplets rather than contact with contaminated objects. Standard waste disposal methods are typically sufficient to manage the risk of contamination from trash.

B) Place the client in a negative air pressure room with 6 to 12 air exchanges per hour: Negative air pressure rooms are designed to contain airborne pathogens by preventing contaminated air from escaping the room. Diseases such as tuberculosis or measles require this level of isolation. However, influenza spreads through droplets that settle quickly rather than remaining airborne, making negative air pressure rooms unnecessary for influenza isolation.

C) Ensure all air in the client's room is filtered through a HEPA filter: HEPA (High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters are used to trap airborne particles. For influenza, which is spread by larger respiratory droplets, such filtration is not needed. The droplets are too large to remain suspended in the air and are typically spread through close contact, rather than requiring air filtration.

D) Wear a surgical mask when within 1 m (3 ft) of the client: This is the most appropriate precaution. Influenza is primarily spread through respiratory droplets that can travel about 1 meter (3 feet) when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Wearing a surgical mask within this distance helps prevent inhaling these droplets, thus reducing the risk of transmission. This aligns with droplet precautions which are standard for managing influenza.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A) Staying current on scheduled immunizations: While important for overall child health, staying current on immunizations is not a direct risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Immunizations help prevent infections but do not specifically impact the likelihood of SIDS.

B) Maternal smoking during pregnancy: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for SIDS. Tobacco smoke exposure can negatively impact the baby's respiratory system and increase the risk of SIDS, making it crucial to address this risk factor.

C) Newborn who is large for gestational age: Being large for gestational age is not a recognized risk factor for SIDS. Risk factors for SIDS are more associated with environmental and prenatal conditions rather than birth weight alone.

D) Meconium staining of amniotic fluid: Meconium staining indicates potential fetal distress and complications during labor but is not a direct risk factor for SIDS. It is more related to the conditions surrounding birth rather than the risk of SIDS.

A. "Use petroleum jelly on a cotton ball to plug your ear when shampooing." B. "Clean dried blood in your ear canal with a cotton-tipped applicator." C. "Avoid blowing your nose for 1 month after surgery." D. "Notify your provider if you have popping or crackling sensations in the affected ear."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Use petroleum jelly on a cotton ball to plug your ear when shampooing.
This method can help protect the ear from water exposure during showering or shampooing. However, it doesn't address trauma or hearing impairment prevention as effectively as avoiding pressure changes.

B) Clean dried blood in your ear canal with a cotton-tipped applicator.
Using cotton-tipped applicators can cause trauma to the ear canal and potentially disrupt the surgical site, increasing the risk of complications and impairing hearing.

C) Avoid blowing your nose for 1 month after surgery.
Avoiding nose blowing is crucial because it can create pressure changes in the ear that may disrupt the healing process and cause trauma to the surgical site, leading to potential hearing impairment.

D) Notify your provider if you have popping or crackling sensations in the affected ear.
Popping or crackling sensations can be normal as the ear heals and adjusts post-surgery. While it’s important to monitor symptoms, reporting them is not necessarily about preventing trauma or hearing impairment.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has the communicable disease influenza. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse take?

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