A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a preschooler who experienced a near drowning and has hypothermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

A) Place a sign on the client's door indicating visual impairment:
While indicating the client’s visual impairment to staff can be helpful, privacy and dignity should also be considered. Alternative methods to inform the staff without compromising the client's privacy should be used.

B) Provide the client with a brightly colored plate and utensils:
Brightly colored plates and utensils can help clients with partial vision impairment but may not be significantly beneficial for those who are fully visually impaired.

C) When ambulating with the client, grasp the client's arm above the elbow:
Grasping the client's arm above the elbow is an effective way to guide a visually impaired person. This allows the client to follow the nurse's movements more naturally and ensures better support and guidance.

D) Speak in an elevated tone of voice when providing care:
Elevating the tone of voice is unnecessary and may be misinterpreted as condescending. Clear, normal, and respectful communication is essential for all clients, regardless of visual impairment.

A) Provide instruction on pelvic muscle exercises:
Pelvic muscle exercises are beneficial for urinary incontinence but are not a standard intervention for treating pyelonephritis. Pyelonephritis focuses on managing infection and inflammation of the kidneys rather than strengthening pelvic muscles.

B) Administer skeletal muscle relaxants every 6 hr:
Skeletal muscle relaxants are not typically used in the treatment of pyelonephritis. The focus should be on antibiotics to treat the infection and analgesics for pain relief, rather than muscle relaxants.

C) Encourage fluid intake:
Increasing fluid intake helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, which can aid in reducing the infection and promoting kidney health. Proper hydration is crucial for clients with pyelonephritis to help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

D) Monitor vital signs every 8 hr:
While monitoring vital signs is important, it should be done more frequently than every 8 hours, especially in the acute phase of pyelonephritis, to promptly identify any signs of worsening infection or sepsis.